Abstract
Novel, pre-seeding, non-selective herbicide mixtures were identifi ed that provide broad spectrum weed control, which can be used in the prevention of herbicide resistance. The herbicide mixtures consisted of paraquat + diquat, glyphosate, metribuzin, diuron and carfentrazone ethyl. The herbicides were applied alone or in two, three or four way tank mixtures. For each mixture the herbicides were applied at the full label rates or at half rates (for two way mixtures), one third rates (for three way mixtures) or one quarter rates (for four way mixtures). Glyphosate + carfentrazone ethyl or diuron + metribuzin + carfentrazone ethyl provided 90–100% control of annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaud.) and wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum L.) at Merredin and Wongan Hills at full and reduced label rates. Glyphosate + diuron or glyphosate + metribuzin controlled nearly 100% of annual ryegrass and 80–100% of wild radish. Paraquat + diquat mixed with metribuzin or carfentrazone ethyl provided more effective annual ryegrass control (98–100%) than either herbicide alone, and also controlled 100% of the wild radish. These herbicide mixtures provided more effective weed control than a single knockdown herbicide treatment of glyphosate or paraquat + diquat. Several mixtures controlled 100% of the wild radish, while having varying effects on the annual ryegrass. Emergence and growth of wheat and barley were not affected by residual chemicals when seeded three weeks after spraying. As the crops were not seeded directly after spraying, crop yield was not measured in this study and further work is required to confi rm the effect of the mixtures on crops.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate plus carfentrazone ethyl controlled annual ryegrass and wild radish by 90–100%.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume7 - Treatment
- Glyphosate + carfentrazone ethyle0
- Interactor
- annual ryegrasse0weed
- Second interactor
- wild radish
_Raphanus_raphanistrum_-_flowers.jpg?width=60)
Raphanus raphanistrume0weed - Outcome
- control of annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaud.) and wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum L.)e0
- Direction
- controle0
- Value
- 90–100%e0
- Setting
- Merredin and Wongan Hillse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Raphanus_raphanistrum_-_flowers.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Glyphosate + carfentrazone ethyl or diuron + metribuzin + carfentrazone ethyl provided 90–100% control of annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaud.) and wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum L.) at Merredin and Wongan Hills at full and reduced label rates.”
e7“Emergence and growth of wheat and barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Diuron, metribuzin and carfentrazone ethyl controlled the two weeds by 90–100%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume7
- Treatment
- diuron + metribuzin + carfentrazone ethyle0
- Interactor
- annual ryegrasse0weed
- Second interactor
- wild radishRaphanus raphanistrume0weed
- Outcome
- control of annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaud.) and wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum L.)e0
- Direction
- controle0
- Value
- 90–100%e0
- Setting
- Merredin and Wongan Hillse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Glyphosate + carfentrazone ethyl or diuron + metribuzin + carfentrazone ethyl provided 90–100% control of annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaud.) and wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum L.) at Merredin and Wongan Hills at full and reduced label rates.”
e7“Emergence and growth of wheat and barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate plus diuron nearly completely controlled annual ryegrass and controlled 80–100% of wild radish.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume7
- Treatment
- Glyphosate + diurone0
- Interactor
- annual ryegrasse0weed
- Outcome
- annual ryegrasse0
- Direction
- controllede0
- Value
- nearly 100%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Glyphosate + diuron or glyphosate + metribuzin controlled nearly 100% of annual ryegrass and 80–100% of wild radish.”
e7“Emergence and growth of wheat and barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate plus diuron controlled 80–100% of wild radish.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume7
- Treatment
- Glyphosate + diurone0
- Interactor
- wild radishRaphanus raphanistrume0weed
- Outcome
- wild radishe0
- Direction
- controllede0
- Value
- 80–100%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Glyphosate + diuron or glyphosate + metribuzin controlled nearly 100% of annual ryegrass and 80–100% of wild radish.”
e7“Emergence and growth of wheat and barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate plus metribuzin controlled nearly all annual ryegrass.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume7
- Treatment
- glyphosate + metribuzine0
- Interactor
- annual ryegrasse0weed
- Outcome
- annual ryegrasse0
- Direction
- controllede0
- Value
- nearly 100%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Glyphosate + diuron or glyphosate + metribuzin controlled nearly 100% of annual ryegrass and 80–100% of wild radish.”
e7“Emergence and growth of wheat and barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate plus metribuzin controlled 80–100% of wild radish.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume7
- Treatment
- glyphosate + metribuzine0
- Interactor
- wild radishRaphanus raphanistrume0weed
- Outcome
- wild radishe0
- Direction
- controllede0
- Value
- 80–100%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Glyphosate + diuron or glyphosate + metribuzin controlled nearly 100% of annual ryegrass and 80–100% of wild radish.”
e7“Emergence and growth of wheat and barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Paraquat plus diquat with metribuzin controlled 98–100% of annual ryegrass, outperforming either herbicide alone.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume7
- Treatment
- Paraquat + diquat mixed with metribuzine0
- Interactor
- annual ryegrasse0weed
- Outcome
- annual ryegrass controle0
- Direction
- more effectivee0
- Value
- 98–100%e0
- Comparator
- either herbicide alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Paraquat + diquat mixed with metribuzin or carfentrazone ethyl provided more effective annual ryegrass control (98–100%) than either herbicide alone”
e7“Emergence and growth of wheat and barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Paraquat plus diquat with carfentrazone ethyl controlled 98–100% of annual ryegrass.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume7
- Treatment
- Paraquat + diquat mixed with metribuzin or carfentrazone ethyle0
- Interactor
- annual ryegrasse0weed
- Outcome
- annual ryegrass controle0
- Direction
- more effectivee0
- Value
- 98–100%e0
- Comparator
- either herbicide alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Paraquat + diquat mixed with metribuzin or carfentrazone ethyl provided more effective annual ryegrass control (98–100%) than either herbicide alone”
e7“Emergence and growth of wheat and barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Paraquat plus diquat with metribuzin controlled all wild radish.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume7
- Treatment
- Paraquat + diquat mixed with metribuzine0
- Interactor
- wild radishRaphanus raphanistrume0weed
- Outcome
- wild radishe0
- Direction
- controllede0
- Value
- 100%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Paraquat + diquat mixed with metribuzin or carfentrazone ethyl provided more effective annual ryegrass control (98–100%) than either herbicide alone, and also controlled 100% of the wild radish.”
e7“Emergence and growth of wheat and barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Paraquat plus diquat with carfentrazone ethyl controlled all wild radish.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume7
- Treatment
- Paraquat + diquat mixed with metribuzin or carfentrazone ethyle0
- Interactor
- wild radishRaphanus raphanistrume0weed
- Outcome
- wild radishe0
- Direction
- controllede0
- Value
- 100%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Paraquat + diquat mixed with metribuzin or carfentrazone ethyl provided more effective annual ryegrass control (98–100%) than either herbicide alone, and also controlled 100% of the wild radish.”
e7“Emergence and growth of wheat and barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide mixtures outperformed single glyphosate or paraquat plus diquat knockdown treatment.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume7
- Treatment
- herbicide mixturese0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed controle0
- Direction
- more effectivee0
- Comparator
- a single knockdown herbicide treatment of glyphosate or paraquat + diquate0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These herbicide mixtures provided more effective weed control than a single knockdown herbicide treatment of glyphosate or paraquat + diquat.”
e7“Emergence and growth of wheat and barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Residual chemicals did not affect wheat emergence and growth three weeks after spraying.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- residual chemicalse0
- Outcome
- Emergence and growth of wheate0
- Direction
- not affectede0
- Qualifier
- three weeks after sprayinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Emergence and growth of wheat and barley were not affected by residual chemicals when seeded three weeks after spraying.”
Claim · model-written summary
Residual chemicals did not affect barley emergence and growth three weeks after spraying.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaree0 - Treatment
- residual chemicalse0
- Outcome
- Emergence and growth of wheat and barleye0
- Direction
- not affectede0
- Qualifier
- three weeks after sprayinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Emergence and growth of wheat and barley were not affected by residual chemicals when seeded three weeks after spraying.”
The same questions in other papers
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paraquat · control · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
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See all 5 papers →metribuzin · control · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
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See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.