Abstract
The results presented in this work support the hypothesis that Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of sorghum is feasible, analogous to what has been demonstrated for other cereals such as rice, maize, barley and wheat. The four factors that we found most influenced transformation were: the sensitivity of immature sorghum embryos to Agrobacterium infection, the growth conditions of the donor plant, type of explant and co-cultivation medium. A major problem during the development of our protocol was a necrotic response which developed in explants after co-cultivation. Immature sorghum embryos proved to be very sensitive to Agrobacterium infection and we found that the level of embryo death after co-cultivation was the limiting step in improving transformation efficiency. The addition of coconut water to the co-cultivation medium, the use of vigorous and actively growing immature embryos and the removal of excess bacteria significantly improved the survival rate of sorghum embryos and was critical for successful transformation. Hygromycin phosphotransferase (hpt) proved to be a good selectable marker for sorghum. We also found that b-glucuronidase (GUS) activity was low in most of the transgenic plant tissues tested, although it was very high in immature inflorescences. Although promising, the overall transformation efficiency of the protocol is still low and further optimization will require particular attention to be given to the number of Agrobacterium in the inoculum and the selection of sorghum genotypes and explants less sensitive to Agrobacterium infection.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Agrobacterium mediated sorghum transformation was feasible.
- Interactor
- Agrobacterium
.jpg?width=60)
Agrobacteriume0other - Outcome
- transformation of sorghum is feasiblee0
- Value
- feasiblee0
SorghumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of sorghum is feasible”
e1“transformation of sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Embryo sensitivity, donor growth conditions, explant type and cocultivation medium most influenced transformation.
- Organ / stage
- immature sorghum embryose0
- Interactor
- AgrobacteriumAgrobacteriume0other
- Outcome
- transformatione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The four factors that we found most influenced transformation were: the sensitivity of immature sorghum embryos to Agrobacterium infection, the growth conditions of the donor plant, type of explant and co-cultivation medium.”
e1“transformation of sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Explants developed necrosis after cocultivation.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a necrotic response which developed in explants after co-cultivation”
e1“transformation of sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Immature embryos were sensitive to Agrobacterium infection, and embryo death limited transformation efficiency.
- Organ / stage
- Immature sorghum embryose0
- Interactor
- AgrobacteriumAgrobacteriume0other
- Outcome
- transformation efficiencye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Immature sorghum embryos proved to be very sensitive to Agrobacterium infection and we found that the level of embryo death after co-cultivation was the limiting step in improving transformation efficiency.”
e1“transformation of sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Coconut water, vigorous immature embryos and removing excess bacteria significantly improved embryo survival.
- Organ / stage
- sorghum embryose0
- Treatment
- The addition of coconut water to the co-cultivation mediume0
- Outcome
- survival rate of sorghum embryose0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The addition of coconut water to the co-cultivation medium, the use of vigorous and actively growing immature embryos and the removal of excess bacteria significantly improved the survival rate of sorghum embryos”
e1“transformation of sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Hygromycin phosphotransferase was a good selectable marker.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hygromycin phosphotransferase (hpt) proved to be a good selectable marker for sorghum.”
e1“transformation of sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
GUS activity was low in most transgenic tissues and very high in immature inflorescences.
- Organ / stage
- immature inflorescencese0
- Gene
- b-glucuronidase (GUS)e0
- Outcome
- b-glucuronidase (GUS) activitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“b-glucuronidase (GUS) activity was low in most of the transgenic plant tissues tested, although it was very high in immature inflorescences.”
e1“transformation of sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Overall transformation efficiency remained low.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the overall transformation efficiency of the protocol is still low”
e1“transformation of sorghum”
The same questions in other papers
in vitro · survival · SorghumResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.