Abstract
BACKGROUND: Coffee grounds and tea leaf wastes exhibit strong affinity for metals such as Fe and Zn. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of top-dressing application of Fe- and Zn-enriched coffee grounds and tea leaf wastes at the panicle initiation stage on the mineral content of rice grains and the yield of paddy rice. RESULTS: The Fe and Zn contents of brown rice grains increased significantly on application of both coffee and tea waste materials. The concentration of Mn was increased by top-dressing application of coffee waste material only. For Cu, no significant (P < 0.05) differences were found between the control and ferrous sulfate/zinc sulfate treatment. The application of coffee and tea waste materials led to a significant (P < 0.05) increase in the number of grains per panicle, which was reflected in increases in the total number of grains per hill and in grain yield. CONCLUSION: The top-dressing application of these materials is an excellent method to recycle coffee grounds and tea wastes from coffee shops. Use of these novel materials would not only reduce the waste going to landfill but would also benefit the mineral nutrition of rice consumers at low cost by increasing Fe and Zn levels of rice grains as well as grain yield.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Fe and Zn contents of brown rice grains increased significantly with both coffee and tea waste materials.
- Taxon
- paddy ricet0
- Organ / stage
- brown rice grainse1
- Treatment
- application of both coffee and tea waste materialse1
- Outcome
- Fe and Zn contentse1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“grains of paddy rice”
e1“The Fe and Zn contents of brown rice grains increased significantly on application of both coffee and tea waste materials”
Claim · model-written summary
Top-dressing with coffee waste material increased the Mn concentration of rice grains.
- Taxon
- paddy ricet0
- Treatment
- top-dressing application of coffee waste material onlye2
- Outcome
- concentration of Mne2
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“grains of paddy rice”
e2“The concentration of Mn was increased by top-dressing application of coffee waste material only”
Claim · model-written summary
Cu showed no significant difference between control and ferrous sulfate/zinc sulfate treatment.
Verbatim
t0“grains of paddy rice”
e3“For Cu, no significant (P < 0.05) differences were found between the control and ferrous sulfate/zinc sulfate treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Coffee and tea waste application increased the number of grains per panicle.
- Taxon
- paddy ricet0
- Treatment
- application of coffee and tea waste materialse4
- Outcome
- number of grains per paniclee4
- Direction
- increasee4
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“grains of paddy rice”
e4“The application of coffee and tea waste materials led to a significant (P < 0.05) increase in the number of grains per panicle”
Claim · model-written summary
Coffee and tea waste application increased grain yield, with more grains per hill.
- Taxon
- paddy ricet0
- Treatment
- application of coffee and tea waste materialse4
- Outcome
- grain yielde5
- Direction
- increasese5
- Qualifier
- total number of grains per hille5
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“grains of paddy rice”
e4“The application of coffee and tea waste materials led to a significant (P < 0.05) increase in the number of grains per panicle”
e5“which was reflected in increases in the total number of grains per hill and in grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Top-dressing of these materials is an excellent method to recycle coffee grounds and tea wastes for rice.
Verbatim
t0“grains of paddy rice”
e6“The top-dressing application of these materials is an excellent method to recycle coffee grounds and tea wastes from coffee shops”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.