Abstract
Iron (Fe) deficiency in humans caused by inadequate dietary intake is a global nutritional problem. A glass house pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of foliar FeSO₄ containing applications on concentrations of Fe, Zn, and Fe bioavailability in polished rice among five rice cultivars. The results showed that foliar application of FeSO₄, FeSO₄, plus nicotianamine (NA), and FeSO₄ plus NA with ZnSO₄ increased the grain Fe concentration by 16.97%, 29.9%, and 27.08%, respectively. The grain Fe bioavailability also increased by foliar application of FeSO₄, FeSO₄ plus NA, and FeSO₄ plus NA with ZnSO₄; these represent increases of 12.63%, 20.86%, and 18.75%, respectively. Foliar FeSO₄ containing applications improved the Fe bioavailability and might be attributed to the reduction of phytic acid and the increase of Fe concentration in polished rice. Addition of ZnSO₄ to foliar Fe application increased both Fe and Zn content without altering Fe content and bioavailability. In addition, the cultivar difference in Fe and Zn concentration was observed and may be due to the genetic control of leaf absorption and seed deposition of foliar application. Furthermore, the cultivar difference in Fe bioavailability observed might be attributed to the variation of grain Fe, phytic acid, and total phenolics contents among the five rice cultivars. The results suggested that foliar FeSO₄ containing applications represent a promising agricultural approach to reduce Fe deficiency in countries where polished rice is extensively consumed.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar FeSO₄ increased grain Fe concentration by 16.97%.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- FeSO₄e0
- Outcome
- grain Fe concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 16.97%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar application of FeSO₄, FeSO₄, plus nicotianamine (NA), and FeSO₄ plus NA with ZnSO₄ increased the grain Fe concentration by 16.97%, 29.9%, and 27.08%, respectively”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar FeSO₄ plus nicotianamine increased grain Fe concentration by 29.9%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- FeSO₄, plus nicotianamine (NA)e0
- Outcome
- grain Fe concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 29.9%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar application of FeSO₄, FeSO₄, plus nicotianamine (NA), and FeSO₄ plus NA with ZnSO₄ increased the grain Fe concentration by 16.97%, 29.9%, and 27.08%, respectively”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar FeSO₄ plus nicotianamine and ZnSO₄ increased grain Fe concentration by 27.08%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- FeSO₄ plus NA with ZnSO₄e0
- Outcome
- grain Fe concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 27.08%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“FeSO₄ plus NA with ZnSO₄ increased the grain Fe concentration by 16.97%, 29.9%, and 27.08%, respectively”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar FeSO₄ increased grain Fe bioavailability by 12.63%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- FeSO₄e0
- Outcome
- grain Fe bioavailabilitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 12.63%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The grain Fe bioavailability also increased by foliar application of FeSO₄, FeSO₄ plus NA, and FeSO₄ plus NA with ZnSO₄; these represent increases of 12.63%, 20.86%, and 18.75%, respectively”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar FeSO₄ plus NA increased grain Fe bioavailability by 20.86%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- FeSO₄ plus NAe0
- Outcome
- grain Fe bioavailabilitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 20.86%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The grain Fe bioavailability also increased by foliar application of FeSO₄, FeSO₄ plus NA, and FeSO₄ plus NA with ZnSO₄; these represent increases of 12.63%, 20.86%, and 18.75%, respectively”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar FeSO₄ plus NA and ZnSO₄ increased grain Fe bioavailability by 18.75%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- FeSO₄ plus NA with ZnSO₄e0
- Outcome
- grain Fe bioavailabilitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 18.75%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The grain Fe bioavailability also increased by foliar application of FeSO₄, FeSO₄ plus NA, and FeSO₄ plus NA with ZnSO₄; these represent increases of 12.63%, 20.86%, and 18.75%, respectively”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar FeSO₄ applications may improve bioavailability through reduced phytic acid and increased polished-grain Fe.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Foliar FeSO₄ containing applicationse0
- Outcome
- Fe bioavailabilitye0
- Qualifier
- reduction of phytic acid and the increase of Fe concentratione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar FeSO₄ containing applications improved the Fe bioavailability and might be attributed to the reduction of phytic acid and the increase of Fe concentration in polished rice”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding ZnSO₄ to foliar Fe increased grain Zn content.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Addition of ZnSO₄ to foliar Fe applicatione0
- Outcome
- Zn contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- foliar Fe applicatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Addition of ZnSO₄ to foliar Fe application increased both Fe and Zn content without altering Fe content and bioavailability”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding ZnSO₄ to foliar Fe did not alter Fe bioavailability.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Addition of ZnSO₄ to foliar Fe applicatione0
- Outcome
- Fe content and bioavailabilitye0
- Direction
- without alteringe0
- Comparator
- foliar Fe applicatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Addition of ZnSO₄ to foliar Fe application increased both Fe and Zn content without altering Fe content and bioavailability”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Cultivars differed in grain Fe and Zn concentrations.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- cultivar difference in Fe and Zn concentratione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the cultivar difference in Fe and Zn concentration was observed”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Cultivars differed in Fe bioavailability.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- cultivar difference in Fe bioavailabilitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the cultivar difference in Fe bioavailability observed”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Cultivar differences in Fe and Zn concentration may reflect genetic control of leaf absorption and seed deposition.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- leaf absorption and seed depositione0
- Qualifier
- genetic controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“may be due to the genetic control of leaf absorption and seed deposition of foliar application”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Differences in grain Fe, phytic acid and phenolics may explain cultivar variation in Fe bioavailability.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- Fe bioavailabilitye0
- Qualifier
- variation of grain Fe, phytic acid, and total phenolics contentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cultivar difference in Fe bioavailability observed might be attributed to the variation of grain Fe, phytic acid, and total phenolics contents among the five rice cultivars”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar FeSO₄ applications were proposed to address iron deficiency where polished rice is widely consumed.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- foliar FeSO₄ containing applicationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar FeSO₄ containing applications represent a promising agricultural approach to reduce Fe deficiency in countries where polished rice is extensively consumed”
t0“Rice”
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