Abstract
The length of time required for vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM) colonization, the effect of root age, and the position of VAM inoculum with respect to the root system were tested on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), onion (Allium cepa L.), and pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Colonization of onion by Glomus deserticola began 3 days after inoculation and reached 50% of the total root length after 21 days. Colonization by G. mosseae and G. intraradices began after 12 days and attained 15% and 37%, respectively, after 21 days. In cotton, colonization with G. deserticola and G. intraradices began 12 days following inoculation and increased to 20% and 18%, respectively, after 21 days. Colonization of cotton by G. mosseae was poor. In pepper, colonization with G. deserticola, G. mosseae, and G. intraradices began 3, 6, and 6 days after inoculation and, after 21 days, reached 60%, 13%, and 10%, respectively. In a second experiment, rapid colonization by G. deserticola took place in 3-day-old onion seedlings and increased to 51% 3 days after inoculation. Ten- and 17-day-old seedlings were far less responsive to VAM colonization but became highly infected at 30 days when new roots were produced. In a third experiment, inoculum placement 3 cm below seeds at planting in the field was the most effective for promoting colonization of cotton and onion by VAM. In fumigated field soil, mycorrhizae increased cotton growth an average of 28% when inoculum was applied below seeds compared to one- or two-sided band applications. Even in nonfumigated field soil, inoculum placed 3 cm below the seed and inoculum placed in a band at one side 2 weeks after planting significantly increased cotton growth. In onion, mycorrhizal inoculation improved growth in fumigated soil when it was placed below the seed, but did not stimulate growth in nonfumigated soil.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Onion colonization by Glomus deserticola began at day 3 and reached 50% root length at day 21.
- Taxon
- onion
Allium cepae0 - Treatment
- inoculatione0
- Interactor
- Glomus deserticolaSeptoglomus deserticolae0symbiontt0
- Outcome
- Colonization of onione0
- Value
- 50%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Colonization of onion by Glomus deserticola began 3 days after inoculation and reached 50% of the total root length after 21 days.”
t0“Mycorrhizal Species”
Claim · model-written summary
Onion colonization by G. mosseae began after 12 days and reached 15% after 21 days.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Interactor
- G. mosseae
Funneliformis mosseaee0symbiontt0 - Outcome
- Colonizatione0
- Value
- 15%e0
- Qualifier
- after 21 dayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Colonization by G. mosseae and G. intraradices began after 12 days and attained 15% and 37%, respectively, after 21 days.”
t0“onion”
Claim · model-written summary
Onion colonization by G. intraradices began after 12 days and reached 37% after 21 days.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Interactor
- G. intraradicesRhizophagus intraradicese0symbiontt0
- Outcome
- Colonizatione0
- Value
- 37%e0
- Qualifier
- after 21 dayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Colonization by G. mosseae and G. intraradices began after 12 days and attained 15% and 37%, respectively, after 21 days.”
t0“onion”
Claim · model-written summary
Cotton colonization with G. deserticola began at 12 days and increased to 20% at 21 days.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutume0 - Interactor
- G. deserticolaSeptoglomus deserticolae0symbiontt0
- Outcome
- colonizatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 20%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In cotton, colonization with G. deserticola and G. intraradices began 12 days following inoculation and increased to 20% and 18%, respectively, after 21 days.”
t0“Mycorrhizal Species”
Claim · model-written summary
Cotton colonization with G. intraradices began at 12 days and increased to 18% at 21 days.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Interactor
- G. intraradicesRhizophagus intraradicese0symbiontt0
- Outcome
- colonizatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 18%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In cotton, colonization with G. deserticola and G. intraradices began 12 days following inoculation and increased to 20% and 18%, respectively, after 21 days.”
t0“Mycorrhizal Species”
Claim · model-written summary
Cotton colonization by G. mosseae was poor.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Interactor
- G. mosseaeFunneliformis mosseaee0symbiontt0
- Outcome
- Colonization of cottone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Colonization of cotton by G. mosseae was poor.”
t0“Mycorrhizal Species”
Claim · model-written summary
Pepper colonization with G. deserticola reached 60% after 21 days.
Verbatim
e0“In pepper, colonization with G. deserticola, G. mosseae, and G. intraradices began 3, 6, and 6 days after inoculation and, after 21 days, reached 60%, 13%, and 10%, respectively.”
t0“Mycorrhizal Species”
Claim · model-written summary
Pepper colonization with G. mosseae reached 13% after 21 days.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In pepper, colonization with G. deserticola, G. mosseae, and G. intraradices began 3, 6, and 6 days after inoculation and, after 21 days, reached 60%, 13%, and 10%, respectively.”
t0“Mycorrhizal Species”
Claim · model-written summary
Pepper colonization with G. intraradices reached 10% after 21 days.
Verbatim
e0“In pepper, colonization with G. deserticola, G. mosseae, and G. intraradices began 3, 6, and 6 days after inoculation and, after 21 days, reached 60%, 13%, and 10%, respectively.”
t0“Mycorrhizal Species”
Claim · model-written summary
G. deserticola rapidly colonized 3-day-old onion seedlings, reaching 51% three days after inoculation.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepae0
- Organ / stage
- 3-day-old onion seedlingse0
- Interactor
- G. deserticolaSeptoglomus deserticolae0symbiontt0
- Outcome
- colonizatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 51%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rapid colonization by G. deserticola took place in 3-day-old onion seedlings and increased to 51% 3 days after inoculation.”
t0“Mycorrhizal Species”
Claim · model-written summary
Older onion seedlings were less responsive to VAM colonization but became highly infected at 30 days with new roots.
- Taxon
- OnionAllium cepat0
- Organ / stage
- Ten- and 17-day-old seedlingse0
- Outcome
- VAM colonizatione0
- Direction
- far less responsivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ten- and 17-day-old seedlings were far less responsive to VAM colonization but became highly infected at 30 days when new roots were produced.”
t0“Colonization of Cotton, Onion, and Pepper Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Placing VAM inoculum 3 cm below cotton seeds was most effective for colonization.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- inoculum placement 3 cm below seedse0
- Outcome
- colonizatione0
- Direction
- most effectivee0
- Setting
- fielde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inoculum placement 3 cm below seeds at planting in the field was the most effective for promoting colonization of cotton and onion by VAM.”
t0“Mycorrhizal Species”
Claim · model-written summary
Placing VAM inoculum 3 cm below onion seeds was most effective for colonization.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepae0
- Treatment
- inoculum placement 3 cm below seedse0
- Outcome
- colonizatione0
- Direction
- most effectivee0
- Setting
- fielde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inoculum placement 3 cm below seeds at planting in the field was the most effective for promoting colonization of cotton and onion by VAM.”
t0“Mycorrhizal Species”
Claim · model-written summary
Below-seed mycorrhizal inoculum increased cotton growth by an average 28% against band applications in fumigated field soil.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- inoculum was applied below seedse0
- Outcome
- cotton growthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 28%e0
- Comparator
- one- or two-sided band applicationse0
- Setting
- fumigated field soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In fumigated field soil, mycorrhizae increased cotton growth an average of 28% when inoculum was applied below seeds compared to one- or two-sided band applications.”
t0“Mycorrhizal Species”
Claim · model-written summary
inoculum placed 3 cm below the seed significantly increased cotton growth in nonfumigated field soil.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- inoculum placed 3 cm below the seede0
- Outcome
- cotton growthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Setting
- nonfumigated field soile0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Even in nonfumigated field soil, inoculum placed 3 cm below the seed and inoculum placed in a band at one side 2 weeks after planting significantly increased cotton growth.”
t0“Mycorrhizal Species”
Claim · model-written summary
inoculum placed in a band at one side 2 weeks after planting significantly increased cotton growth in nonfumigated field soil.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- inoculum placed in a band at one side 2 weeks after plantinge0
- Outcome
- cotton growthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Setting
- nonfumigated field soile0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Even in nonfumigated field soil, inoculum placed 3 cm below the seed and inoculum placed in a band at one side 2 weeks after planting significantly increased cotton growth.”
t0“Mycorrhizal Species”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal inoculation improved onion growth in fumigated soil.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepae0
- Treatment
- mycorrhizal inoculatione0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Setting
- fumigated soile0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In onion, mycorrhizal inoculation improved growth in fumigated soil when it was placed below the seed, but did not stimulate growth in nonfumigated soil.”
t0“Mycorrhizal Species”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal inoculation did not stimulate onion growth in nonfumigated soil.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepae0
- Treatment
- mycorrhizal inoculatione0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- did not stimulatee0
- Setting
- nonfumigated soile0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In onion, mycorrhizal inoculation improved growth in fumigated soil when it was placed below the seed, but did not stimulate growth in nonfumigated soil.”
t0“Mycorrhizal Species”
The same questions in other papers
mycorrhiza · growth · Allium cepa (onion)Results differ
47 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- no effect
49 papers more in this group
See all 53 papers →inoculation · growth · Allium cepa (onion)Results differ
88 papers in the same direction as this paper · 10 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- negative
95 papers more in this group
See all 99 papers →inoculation · disease · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
17 papers in the same direction as this paper · 23 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- negative
38 papers more in this group
See all 42 papers →inoculation · disease · Allium cepa (onion)Positive and negative results
21 papers in the same direction as this paper · 27 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
45 papers more in this group
See all 49 papers →inoculation · growth · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
60 papers in the same direction as this paper · 12 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- no effect
69 papers more in this group
See all 73 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.