Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) is triggered when Pto, a Ser-Thr protein kinase, recognizes either the AvrPto or AvrPtoB effector from Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato. This PCD requires mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK alpha ) as a positive regulator in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and Nicotiana benthamiana. To examine how PCD-eliciting activity of the tomato MAPKKK alpha protein is regulated, we screened for MAPKKK alpha -interacting proteins in tomato and identified a 14-3-3 protein, TFT7. Virus-induced gene silencing using the TFT7 gene in N. benthamiana compromised both Pto- and MAPKKK alpha -mediated PCD, and coexpression of TFT7 with tomato MAPKKK alpha enhanced MAPKKK alpha -mediated PCD. TFT7 was also required for PCD associated with several other disease resistance proteins and contributed to resistance against P. syringae pv tomato. Coexpression of TFT7 with MAPKKK alpha in vivo caused increased accumulation of the kinase and enhanced phosphorylation of two MAP kinases. TFT7 protein contains a phosphopeptide binding motif that is present in human 14-3-3 epsilon, and substitutions in this motif abolished interaction with MAPKKK alpha in vivo and also the PCD-enhancing activity of TFT7. A 14-3-3 binding motif, including a putative phosphorylated Ser-535, is present in the C-terminal region of MAPKKK alpha. An S535A substitution in MAPKKK alpha reduced interaction with TFT7 and both PCD-eliciting ability and stability of MAPKKK alpha. Our results provide new insights into a role for 14-3-3 proteins in regulating immunity-associated PCD pathways in plants.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
TFT7 was identified as a tomato MAPKKK alpha-interacting protein.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Gene
- TFT7e0
- Outcome
- MAPKKK alpha -interacting proteinse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we screened for MAPKKK alpha -interacting proteins in tomato and identified a 14-3-3 protein, TFT7”
Claim · model-written summary
TFT7 silencing compromised Pto-mediated cell death in N. benthamiana.
- Taxon
- N. benthamiana
Nicotiana benthamianae0 - Treatment
- Virus-induced gene silencinge0
- Gene
- TFT7e0
- Outcome
- Pto- and MAPKKK alpha -mediated PCDe0
- Direction
- compromisede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Virus-induced gene silencing using the TFT7 gene in N. benthamiana compromised both Pto- and MAPKKK alpha -mediated PCD”
Claim · model-written summary
TFT7 coexpression enhanced MAPKKK alpha-mediated cell death.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- coexpression of TFT7 with tomato MAPKKK alphae0
- Gene
- TFT7e0
- Outcome
- MAPKKK alpha -mediated PCDe0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“coexpression of TFT7 with tomato MAPKKK alpha enhanced MAPKKK alpha -mediated PCD”
Claim · model-written summary
TFT7 was required for cell death associated with several other disease-resistance proteins.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Gene
- TFT7e0
- Outcome
- PCD associated with several other disease resistance proteinse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TFT7 was also required for PCD associated with several other disease resistance proteins”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
TFT7 contributed to resistance against P. syringae pv tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- P. syringae pv tomato
Pseudomonas syringaee0pathogen - Outcome
- resistance against P. syringae pv tomatoe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“contributed to resistance against P. syringae pv tomato”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
TFT7 coexpression increased MAPKKK alpha accumulation.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Coexpression of TFT7 with MAPKKK alphae0
- Gene
- TFT7e0
- Outcome
- accumulation of the kinasee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Coexpression of TFT7 with MAPKKK alpha in vivo caused increased accumulation of the kinase”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
TFT7 coexpression enhanced phosphorylation of two MAP kinases.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Coexpression of TFT7 with MAPKKK alphae0
- Gene
- MAP kinasese0
- Outcome
- phosphorylation of two MAP kinasese0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Coexpression of TFT7 with MAPKKK alpha in vivo caused increased accumulation of the kinase and enhanced phosphorylation of two MAP kinases”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Substituting the TFT7 phosphopeptide-binding motif abolished its interaction with MAPKKK alpha.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- substitutions in this motife0
- Outcome
- interaction with MAPKKK alphae0
- Direction
- abolishede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“substitutions in this motif abolished interaction with MAPKKK alpha in vivo”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
The TFT7 motif substitutions abolished its cell-death-enhancing activity.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- substitutions in this motife0
- Outcome
- PCD-enhancing activity of TFT7e0
- Direction
- abolishede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“substitutions in this motif abolished interaction with MAPKKK alpha in vivo and also the PCD-enhancing activity of TFT7”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
MAPKKK alpha S535A reduced interaction with TFT7.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- S535A substitution in MAPKKK alphae0
- Outcome
- interaction with TFT7e0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An S535A substitution in MAPKKK alpha reduced interaction with TFT7”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
MAPKKK alpha S535A reduced cell-death-eliciting ability.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- S535A substitution in MAPKKK alphae0
- Outcome
- PCD-eliciting abilitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An S535A substitution in MAPKKK alpha reduced interaction with TFT7 and both PCD-eliciting ability and stability of MAPKKK alpha”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
MAPKKK alpha S535A reduced MAPKKK alpha stability.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- S535A substitution in MAPKKK alphae0
- Outcome
- stability of MAPKKK alphae0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An S535A substitution in MAPKKK alpha reduced interaction with TFT7 and both PCD-eliciting ability and stability of MAPKKK alpha”
t0“Tomato”
The same questions in other papers
loss of function · cytology · Nicotiana benthamianaPositive and negative results
23 papers in the same direction as this paper · 9 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
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See all 33 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.