Abstract
Effector-triggered immunity (ETI) to host-adapted pathogens is associated with rapid cell death at the infection site. The plant-pathogenic bacterium Xanthomonas euvesicatoria (Xcv) interferes with plant cellular processes by injecting effector proteins into host cells through the type III secretion system. Here, we show that the Xcv effector XopQ suppresses cell death induced by components of the ETI-associated MAP kinase cascade MAPKKKα MEK2/SIPK and by several R/avr gene pairs. Inactivation of xopQ by insertional mutagenesis revealed that this effector inhibits ETI-associated cell death induced by avirulent Xcv in resistant pepper (Capsicum annuum), and enhances bacterial growth in resistant pepper and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Using protein-protein interaction studies in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and in planta, we identified the tomato 14-3-3 isoform SlTFT4 and homologs from other plant species as XopQ interactors. A mutation in the putative 14-3-3 binding site of XopQ impaired interaction of the effector with CaTFT4 in yeast and its virulence function in planta. Consistent with a role in ETI, TFT4 mRNA abundance increased during the incompatible interaction of tomato and pepper with Xcv. Silencing of NbTFT4 in Nicotiana benthamiana significantly reduced cell death induced by MAPKKKα. In addition, silencing of CaTFT4 in pepper delayed the appearance of ETI-associated cell death and enhanced growth of virulent and avirulent Xcv, demonstrating the requirement of TFT4 for plant immunity to Xcv. Our results suggest that the XopQ virulence function is to suppress ETI and immunity-associated cell death by interacting with TFT4, which is an important component of ETI and a bona fide target of XopQ.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
XopQ suppresses ETI-associated cell death induced by MAP kinase cascade components and R/avr pairs.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Gene
- XopQe0
- Outcome
- cell deathe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“XopQ suppresses cell death induced by components of the ETI-associated MAP kinase cascade MAPKKKα MEK2/SIPK and by several R/avr gene pairs”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
XopQ inhibits ETI-associated cell death in resistant pepper challenged with avirulent Xcv.
Verbatim
e0“this effector inhibits ETI-associated cell death induced by avirulent Xcv in resistant pepper (Capsicum annuum)”
e1“XopQ suppresses cell death induced by components of the ETI-associated MAP kinase cascade MAPKKKα MEK2/SIPK and by several R/avr gene pairs”
Claim · model-written summary
XopQ enhances bacterial growth in resistant pepper.
Verbatim
e0“enhances bacterial growth in resistant pepper and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)”
t0“Xanthomonas euvesicatoria type III effector XopQ interacts with tomato and pepper 14–3–3 isoforms to suppress effector‐triggered immunity”
e1“this effector inhibits ETI-associated cell death induced by avirulent Xcv in resistant pepper (Capsicum annuum)”
Claim · model-written summary
XopQ enhances bacterial growth in resistant tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Outcome
- bacterial growthe0
- Direction
- enhancese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“enhances bacterial growth in resistant pepper and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)”
t0“Xanthomonas euvesicatoria type III effector XopQ interacts with tomato and pepper 14–3–3 isoforms to suppress effector‐triggered immunity”
e1“this effector inhibits ETI-associated cell death induced by avirulent Xcv in resistant pepper (Capsicum annuum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato SlTFT4 and homologs interact with XopQ.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Interactor
- XopQe0pathogen
- Gene
- SlTFT4e0
- Outcome
- XopQ interactorse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we identified the tomato 14-3-3 isoform SlTFT4 and homologs from other plant species as XopQ interactors”
Claim · model-written summary
Mutation of the XopQ binding site impaired interaction with CaTFT4 in yeast.
- Taxon
- peppert0
- Treatment
- A mutation in the putative 14-3-3 binding site of XopQe0
- Interactor
- XopQe0pathogen
- Gene
- CaTFT4e0
- Outcome
- interaction of the effector with CaTFT4e0
- Direction
- impairede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“A mutation in the putative 14-3-3 binding site of XopQ impaired interaction of the effector with CaTFT4 in yeast and its virulence function in planta”
t0“pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
Mutation of the XopQ binding site impaired virulence in planta.
- Taxon
- peppert0
- Treatment
- A mutation in the putative 14-3-3 binding site of XopQe0
- Interactor
- XopQe0pathogen
- Outcome
- virulence functione0
- Direction
- impairede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“A mutation in the putative 14-3-3 binding site of XopQ impaired interaction of the effector with CaTFT4 in yeast and its virulence function in planta”
t0“pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
TFT4 mRNA abundance increased during incompatible tomato interaction with Xcv.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Interactor
- Xcve0pathogen
- Gene
- TFT4e0
- Outcome
- TFT4 mRNA abundancee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TFT4 mRNA abundance increased during the incompatible interaction of tomato and pepper with Xcv”
Claim · model-written summary
TFT4 mRNA abundance increased during incompatible pepper interaction with Xcv.
Verbatim
e0“TFT4 mRNA abundance increased during the incompatible interaction of tomato and pepper with Xcv”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing NbTFT4 reduced MAPKKKα-induced cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamiana
Nicotiana benthamianae0 - Treatment
- Silencing of NbTFT4e0
- Gene
- NbTFT4e0
- Outcome
- cell deathe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Silencing of NbTFT4 in Nicotiana benthamiana significantly reduced cell death induced by MAPKKKα”
Claim · model-written summary
CaTFT4 silencing delayed ETI-associated cell death in pepper.
- Taxon
- peppere0
- Treatment
- silencing of CaTFT4e0
- Interactor
- Xcve0pathogen
- Gene
- CaTFT4e0
- Outcome
- ETI-associated cell deathe0
- Direction
- delayede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“silencing of CaTFT4 in pepper delayed the appearance of ETI-associated cell death and enhanced growth of virulent and avirulent Xcv”
Claim · model-written summary
CaTFT4 silencing enhanced growth of virulent Xcv in pepper.
- Taxon
- peppere0
- Treatment
- silencing of CaTFT4e0
- Interactor
- Xcve0pathogen
- Gene
- CaTFT4e0
- Outcome
- growth of virulent and avirulent Xcve0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Qualifier
- virulente0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“silencing of CaTFT4 in pepper delayed the appearance of ETI-associated cell death and enhanced growth of virulent and avirulent Xcv”
Claim · model-written summary
CaTFT4 silencing enhanced growth of avirulent Xcv in pepper.
- Taxon
- peppere0
- Treatment
- silencing of CaTFT4e0
- Interactor
- Xcve0pathogen
- Gene
- CaTFT4e0
- Outcome
- growth of virulent and avirulent Xcve0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Qualifier
- avirulente0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“silencing of CaTFT4 in pepper delayed the appearance of ETI-associated cell death and enhanced growth of virulent and avirulent Xcv”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest XopQ suppresses ETI and immunity-associated cell death through TFT4 interaction.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- XopQe0pathogen
- Gene
- TFT4e0
- Outcome
- immunity-associated cell deathe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“XopQ virulence function is to suppress ETI and immunity-associated cell death by interacting with TFT4”
t0“tomato”
The same questions in other papers
loss of function · cytology · Nicotiana benthamianaPositive and negative results
23 papers in the same direction as this paper · 9 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
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