Abstract
The goal of the presented study carried out at the Experimental Station in Jelcz - Laskowice (51 o 3' N; 17 o 22' E) in the years 2005-2007 was to estimate the effect of the tillage simplifications on the infestation dynamics, maize grain yield and rimsulfuron degradation rate. Three-year long tillage simplifications affected average weed density per unit area. Tillage simplification in maize monoculture increased the total number of weeds in comparison with the conventional tillage (about 37%) and also caused compensation of two weed species: Echinochloa crus-galli and Chenopodium album. Significant differences in maize grain yield between conventional and simplified tillage systems were recorded. About 42% maize grain yield reduction was observed as an effect of tillage simplification. There were no significant differences in the efficiency of Titus 25 WG between tillage systems. Tillage simplifications did not significantly influence rimsulfuron residues in the 0-20 cm soil layer, but they affected the rate and the range of rimsulfuron translocation into the soil profile. In the reduced tillage system, the rate of rimsulfuron translocation to deeper soil layers was considerably lower.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Tillage simplifications affected average weed density per unit area over three years.
Zea maysNot reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize yield”
e1“Three-year long tillage simplifications affected average weed density per unit area”
Claim · model-written summary
Tillage simplification in maize monoculture increased the total number of weeds by about 37% relative to conventional tillage.
- Treatment
- Tillage simplification in maize monoculturee2
- Interactor
- weedse2weed
- Outcome
- total number of weedse2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- about 37%e2
- Comparator
- conventional tillagee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize yield”
e2“Tillage simplification in maize monoculture increased the total number of weeds in comparison with the conventional tillage (about 37%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Tillage simplification caused compensation of two weed species, Echinochloa crus-galli and Chenopodium album.
- Interactor
- Echinochloa crus-galli
Echinochloa crus-gallie3weed - Second interactor
- Chenopodium album
Chenopodium albume3weed - Outcome
- compensation of two weed speciese3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize yield”
e3“also caused compensation of two weed species: Echinochloa crus-galli and Chenopodium album”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize grain yield differed significantly between conventional and simplified tillage systems.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize yield”
e4“Significant differences in maize grain yield between conventional and simplified tillage systems were recorded”
Claim · model-written summary
Tillage simplification reduced maize grain yield by about 42%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize yield”
e5“About 42% maize grain yield reduction was observed as an effect of tillage simplification”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide Titus 25 WG efficiency did not differ significantly between tillage systems.
- Treatment
- Titus 25 WGe6
- Outcome
- efficiency of Titus 25 WGe6
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede6
- Comparator
- tillage systemse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize yield”
e6“There were no significant differences in the efficiency of Titus 25 WG between tillage systems”
Claim · model-written summary
Tillage simplifications did not significantly influence rimsulfuron residues in the 0-20 cm soil layer.
- Treatment
- Tillage simplificationse7
- Outcome
- rimsulfuron residuese7
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede7
- Setting
- 0-20 cm soil layere7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize yield”
e7“Tillage simplifications did not significantly influence rimsulfuron residues in the 0-20 cm soil layer, but they affected the rate and the range of rimsulfuron translocation into the soil profile”
Claim · model-written summary
Tillage simplifications affected the range of rimsulfuron translocation into the soil profile.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize yield”
e7“Tillage simplifications did not significantly influence rimsulfuron residues in the 0-20 cm soil layer, but they affected the rate and the range of rimsulfuron translocation into the soil profile”
Claim · model-written summary
In the reduced tillage system, rimsulfuron translocation to deeper soil layers was considerably slower.
- Treatment
- reduced tillage systeme0
- Outcome
- rate of rimsulfuron translocation to deeper soil layerse0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize yield”
e0“In the reduced tillage system, the rate of rimsulfuron translocation to deeper soil layers was considerably lower”
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