Abstract
In this study, we examined the involvement of endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) in methyl jasmonate (MeJA)-induced stomatal closure using an inhibitor of ABA biosynthesis, fluridon (FLU), and an ABA-deficient Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutant, aba2-2. We found that pretreatment with FLU inhibited MeJA-induced stomatal closure but not ABA-induced stomatal closure in wild-type plants. The aba2-2 mutation impaired MeJA-induced stomatal closure but not ABA-induced stomatal closure. We also investigated the effects of FLU and the aba2-2 mutation on cytosolic free calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)](cyt)) in guard cells using a Ca(2+)-reporter fluorescent protein, Yellow Cameleon 3.6. In wild-type guard cells, FLU inhibited MeJA-induced [Ca(2+)](cyt) elevation but not ABA-induced [Ca(2+)](cyt) elevation. The aba2-2 mutation did not affect ABA-elicited [Ca(2+)](cyt) elevation but suppressed MeJA-induced [Ca(2+)](cyt) elevation. We also tested the effects of the aba2-2 mutation and FLU on the expression of MeJA-inducible VEGETATIVE STORAGE PROTEIN1 (VSP1). In the aba2-2 mutant, MeJA did not induce VSP1 expression. In wild-type leaves, FLU inhibited MeJA-induced VSP1 expression. Pretreatment with ABA at 0.1 μm, which is not enough concentration to evoke ABA responses in the wild type, rescued the observed phenotypes of the aba2-2 mutant. Finally, we found that in wild-type leaves, MeJA stimulates the expression of 9-CIS-EPOXYCAROTENOID DIOXYGENASE3, which encodes a crucial enzyme in ABA biosynthesis. These results suggest that endogenous ABA could be involved in MeJA signal transduction and lead to stomatal closure in Arabidopsis guard cells.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Pretreatment with fluridon (FLU) inhibited MeJA-induced stomatal closure in wild-type Arabidopsis.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thalianae0 - Material
- wild-type plantse1
- Treatment
- pretreatment with FLUe1
- Outcome
- MeJA-induced stomatal closuree1
- Direction
- inhibitede1
- Comparator
- ABA-induced stomatal closuree1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an ABA-deficient Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutant, aba2-2”
e1“pretreatment with FLU inhibited MeJA-induced stomatal closure but not ABA-induced stomatal closure in wild-type plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Pretreatment with FLU did not affect ABA-induced stomatal closure in wild-type Arabidopsis.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Material
- wild-type plantse1
- Treatment
- pretreatment with FLUe1
- Outcome
- ABA-induced stomatal closuree1
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an ABA-deficient Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutant, aba2-2”
e1“pretreatment with FLU inhibited MeJA-induced stomatal closure but not ABA-induced stomatal closure in wild-type plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The aba2-2 mutation impaired MeJA-induced stomatal closure.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Material
- aba2-2e0
- Treatment
- aba2-2 mutatione2
- Outcome
- MeJA-induced stomatal closuree2
- Direction
- impairede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an ABA-deficient Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutant, aba2-2”
e2“The aba2-2 mutation impaired MeJA-induced stomatal closure but not ABA-induced stomatal closure”
Claim · model-written summary
The aba2-2 mutation did not affect ABA-induced stomatal closure.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Material
- aba2-2e0
- Treatment
- aba2-2 mutatione2
- Outcome
- ABA-induced stomatal closuree2
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an ABA-deficient Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutant, aba2-2”
e2“The aba2-2 mutation impaired MeJA-induced stomatal closure but not ABA-induced stomatal closure”
Claim · model-written summary
FLU inhibited MeJA-induced cytosolic calcium elevation in wild-type guard cells.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Organ / stage
- wild-type guard cellse3
- Treatment
- FLUe3
- Outcome
- MeJA-induced [Ca(2+)](cyt) elevatione3
- Direction
- inhibitede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an ABA-deficient Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutant, aba2-2”
e3“In wild-type guard cells, FLU inhibited MeJA-induced [Ca(2+)](cyt) elevation but not ABA-induced [Ca(2+)](cyt) elevation”
Claim · model-written summary
FLU did not affect ABA-induced cytosolic calcium elevation in wild-type guard cells.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Organ / stage
- wild-type guard cellse3
- Treatment
- FLUe3
- Outcome
- ABA-induced [Ca(2+)](cyt) elevatione3
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an ABA-deficient Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutant, aba2-2”
e3“In wild-type guard cells, FLU inhibited MeJA-induced [Ca(2+)](cyt) elevation but not ABA-induced [Ca(2+)](cyt) elevation”
Claim · model-written summary
The aba2-2 mutation suppressed MeJA-induced cytosolic calcium elevation.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Material
- aba2-2e0
- Treatment
- aba2-2 mutatione4
- Outcome
- MeJA-induced [Ca(2+)](cyt) elevatione4
- Direction
- suppressede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an ABA-deficient Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutant, aba2-2”
e4“The aba2-2 mutation did not affect ABA-elicited [Ca(2+)](cyt) elevation but suppressed MeJA-induced [Ca(2+)](cyt) elevation”
Claim · model-written summary
The aba2-2 mutation did not affect ABA-elicited cytosolic calcium elevation.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Material
- aba2-2e0
- Treatment
- aba2-2 mutatione4
- Outcome
- ABA-elicited [Ca(2+)](cyt) elevatione4
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an ABA-deficient Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutant, aba2-2”
e4“The aba2-2 mutation did not affect ABA-elicited [Ca(2+)](cyt) elevation but suppressed MeJA-induced [Ca(2+)](cyt) elevation”
Claim · model-written summary
MeJA did not induce VSP1 expression in the aba2-2 mutant.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Material
- aba2-2 mutante5
- Treatment
- MeJAe5
- Gene
- VSP1e5
- Outcome
- VSP1 expressione5
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an ABA-deficient Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutant, aba2-2”
e5“In the aba2-2 mutant, MeJA did not induce VSP1 expression”
Claim · model-written summary
FLU inhibited MeJA-induced VSP1 expression in wild-type leaves.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Organ / stage
- wild-type leavese6
- Treatment
- FLUe6
- Gene
- VSP1e6
- Outcome
- MeJA-induced VSP1 expressione6
- Direction
- inhibitede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an ABA-deficient Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutant, aba2-2”
e6“In wild-type leaves, FLU inhibited MeJA-induced VSP1 expression”
Claim · model-written summary
Pretreatment with ABA at 0.1 μm rescued the observed phenotypes of the aba2-2 mutant.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Material
- aba2-2 mutante7
- Treatment
- Pretreatment with ABA at 0.1 μme7
- Outcome
- observed phenotypes of the aba2-2 mutante7
- Direction
- rescuede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an ABA-deficient Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutant, aba2-2”
e7“Pretreatment with ABA at 0.1 μm, which is not enough concentration to evoke ABA responses in the wild type, rescued the observed phenotypes of the aba2-2 mutant”
Claim · model-written summary
MeJA stimulated expression of 9-CIS-EPOXYCAROTENOID DIOXYGENASE3 in wild-type leaves.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Organ / stage
- wild-type leavese5
- Treatment
- MeJAe5
- Gene
- 9-CIS-EPOXYCAROTENOID DIOXYGENASE3e5
- Outcome
- expression of 9-CIS-EPOXYCAROTENOID DIOXYGENASE3e5
- Direction
- stimulatese5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an ABA-deficient Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutant, aba2-2”
e5“in wild-type leaves, MeJA stimulates the expression of 9-CIS-EPOXYCAROTENOID DIOXYGENASE3”
Claim · model-written summary
Endogenous ABA could be involved in MeJA signal transduction leading to stomatal closure in Arabidopsis guard cells.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise6
- Compound
- endogenous ABAe6
- Outcome
- stomatal closuree6
- Qualifier
- could be involved in MeJA signal transductione6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“endogenous ABA could be involved in MeJA signal transduction and lead to stomatal closure in Arabidopsis guard cells”
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