Abstract
Experiments were conducted to evaluate cadmium (Cd) stress-induced changes in growth, antioxidants and lipid composition of Solanum lycopersicum with and without arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Cadmium stress (50 μM) caused significant changes in the growth and physio-biochemical attributes studied. AMF mitigated the deleterious impact of Cd on the parameters studied. Cadmium stress increased malonaldehyde and hydrogen peroxide production but AMF reduced these parameters by mitigating oxidative stress. The activity of antioxidant enzymes enhanced under Cd treatment and AMF inoculation further enhanced their activity, thus strengthening the plant's defense system. Proline and phenol content increased in Cd-treated as well as AMF-inoculated plants providing efficient protection against Cd stress. Cadmium treatment resulted in great alterations in the main lipid classes leading to a marked change in their composition. Cadmium stress caused a significant reduction in polyunsaturated fatty acids resulting in enhanced membrane leakage. The present study supports the use of AMF as a biological means to ameliorate Cd stress-induced changes in tomato.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium stress significantly changed tomato growth and physiological and biochemical attributes.
- Taxon
- Solanum lycopersicum
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- Cadmium stress (50 μM)e0
- Outcome
- growth and physio-biochemical attributese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cadmium stress (50 μM) caused significant changes in the growth and physio-biochemical attributes studied.”
t0“Solanum lycopersicum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF mitigated cadmium effects on the measured tomato parameters.
- Taxon
- Solanum lycopersicumSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- AMFe0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- deleterious impact of Cd on the parameters studiede0
- Direction
- mitigatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AMF mitigated the deleterious impact of Cd on the parameters studied.”
t0“Solanum lycopersicum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium increased malonaldehyde and hydrogen peroxide production.
- Taxon
- Solanum lycopersicumSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Cadmium stresse0
- Outcome
- malonaldehyde and hydrogen peroxide productione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cadmium stress increased malonaldehyde and hydrogen peroxide production”
t0“Solanum lycopersicum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF reduced malonaldehyde and hydrogen peroxide production under cadmium stress.
- Taxon
- Solanum lycopersicumSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- AMFe0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- malonaldehyde and hydrogen peroxide productione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cadmium stress increased malonaldehyde and hydrogen peroxide production but AMF reduced these parameters by mitigating oxidative stress.”
t0“Solanum lycopersicum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium increased antioxidant enzyme activity.
- Taxon
- Solanum lycopersicumSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Cd treatmente0
- Outcome
- activity of antioxidant enzymese0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The activity of antioxidant enzymes enhanced under Cd treatment”
t0“Solanum lycopersicum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculation further increased antioxidant enzyme activity.
- Taxon
- Solanum lycopersicumSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- AMF inoculatione0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- their activitye0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AMF inoculation further enhanced their activity”
t0“Solanum lycopersicum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium treatment increased proline and phenol content.
- Taxon
- Solanum lycopersicumSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Cd-treatede0
- Outcome
- Proline and phenol contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Proline and phenol content increased in Cd-treated as well as AMF-inoculated plants”
t0“Solanum lycopersicum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculation increased proline and phenol content.
- Taxon
- Solanum lycopersicumSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- AMF-inoculatede0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- Proline and phenol contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Proline and phenol content increased in Cd-treated as well as AMF-inoculated plants”
t0“Solanum lycopersicum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium altered the composition of major lipid classes.
- Taxon
- Solanum lycopersicumSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Cadmium treatmente0
- Outcome
- their compositione0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cadmium treatment resulted in great alterations in the main lipid classes leading to a marked change in their composition.”
t0“Solanum lycopersicum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium significantly reduced polyunsaturated fatty acids.
- Taxon
- Solanum lycopersicumSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Cadmium stresse0
- Outcome
- polyunsaturated fatty acidse0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cadmium stress caused a significant reduction in polyunsaturated fatty acids resulting in enhanced membrane leakage.”
t0“Solanum lycopersicum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium increased membrane leakage.
- Taxon
- Solanum lycopersicumSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Cadmium stresse0
- Outcome
- membrane leakagee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cadmium stress caused a significant reduction in polyunsaturated fatty acids resulting in enhanced membrane leakage.”
t0“Solanum lycopersicum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors support AMF use to ameliorate cadmium stress changes in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- use of AMF as a biological means to ameliorate Cd stress-induced changese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The present study supports the use of AMF as a biological means to ameliorate Cd stress-induced changes in tomato.”
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See all 47 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.