Abstract
Abstract Root colonization with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi ( AMF ) enhances plant resistance particularly against soil‐borne pathogenic fungi. In this study, mycorrhizal inoculation with Glomus mosseae ( Gm ) significantly alleviated tomato mould disease caused by the air‐borne fungal pathogen, Cladosporium fulvum ( Cf ). The disease index ( DI ) in local leaves (receiving pathogen inoculation) and systemic leaves (just above the local leaf without pathogen inoculation) was 36.4% and 11.7% in mycorrhizal plants, respectively, whereas DI was 59.6% and 36.4% in the corresponding leaves of AMF non‐inoculated plants, after 50 days of Gm inoculation, corresponding to 15 days after Cf inoculation by leaf infiltration. Foliar spray inoculation with Cf also revealed that AMF pre‐inoculated plants had a higher resistance against subsequent pathogen infection, where the DI was 41.3% in mycorrhizal plants vs. 64.4% in AMF non‐inoculated plants. AMF ‐inoculated plants showed significantly higher fresh and dry weight than non‐inoculated plants under both control (without pathogen) and pathogen treatments. AMF ‐inoculated plants exhibited significant increases in activities of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase, along with decreases in levels of H 2 O 2 and malondialdehyde, compared with non‐inoculated plants after pathogen inoculation. AMF inoculation led to increases in total chlorophyll contents and net photosynthesis rate as compared with non‐inoculated plants under control and pathogen infection. Pathogen infection on AMF non‐inoculated plants led to decreases in chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. However, pathogen infection did not affect these parameters in mycorrhizal plants. Taken together, these results indicate that AMF colonization may play an important role in plant resistance against air‐borne pathogen infection by maintaining redox poise and photosynthetic activity.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal inoculation significantly alleviated tomato mould disease.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- mycorrhizal inoculation with Glomus mosseae ( Gm )e0
- Interactor
- Cladosporium fulvum ( Cf )
Fulvia fulvae0pathogen - Second interactor
- Glomus mosseae ( Gm )
Funneliformis mosseaee0symbiont - Outcome
- tomato mould diseasee0
- Direction
- alleviatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mycorrhizal inoculation with Glomus mosseae ( Gm ) significantly alleviated tomato mould disease caused by the air‐borne fungal pathogen, Cladosporium fulvum ( Cf )”
Claim · model-written summary
Local leaf disease index was 36.4% in mycorrhizal plants versus 59.6% in noninoculated plants.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- local leavese0
- Treatment
- mycorrhizal plantse0
- Interactor
- Cladosporium fulvum ( Cf )Fulvia fulvae1pathogen
- Second interactor
- Glomus mosseae ( Gm )Funneliformis mosseaee1symbiont
- Outcome
- disease index ( DI ) in local leavese0
- Direction
- lowerinferrede0
- Value
- 36.4%e0
- Qualifier
- 59.6%e0
- Comparator
- AMF non‐inoculated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The disease index ( DI ) in local leaves (receiving pathogen inoculation) and systemic leaves (just above the local leaf without pathogen inoculation) was 36.4% and 11.7% in mycorrhizal plants, respectively, whereas DI was 59.6% and 36.4% in the corresponding leaves of AMF non‐inoculated plants”
t0“tomato”
e1“In this study, mycorrhizal inoculation with Glomus mosseae ( Gm ) significantly alleviated tomato mould disease caused by the air‐borne fungal pathogen, Cladosporium fulvum ( Cf )”
Claim · model-written summary
Systemic leaf disease index was 11.7% in mycorrhizal plants versus 36.4% in noninoculated plants.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- systemic leavese0
- Treatment
- mycorrhizal plantse0
- Interactor
- Cladosporium fulvum ( Cf )Fulvia fulvae1pathogen
- Second interactor
- Glomus mosseae ( Gm )Funneliformis mosseaee1symbiont
- Outcome
- systemic leavese0
- Direction
- lowerinferrede0
- Value
- 11.7%e0
- Qualifier
- 36.4%e0
- Comparator
- AMF non‐inoculated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The disease index ( DI ) in local leaves (receiving pathogen inoculation) and systemic leaves (just above the local leaf without pathogen inoculation) was 36.4% and 11.7% in mycorrhizal plants, respectively, whereas DI was 59.6% and 36.4% in the corresponding leaves of AMF non‐inoculated plants”
t0“tomato”
e1“In this study, mycorrhizal inoculation with Glomus mosseae ( Gm ) significantly alleviated tomato mould disease caused by the air‐borne fungal pathogen, Cladosporium fulvum ( Cf )”
Claim · model-written summary
With foliar spray pathogen inoculation, disease index was 41.3% in mycorrhizal plants versus 64.4% in noninoculated plants.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- AMF pre‐inoculated plantse0
- Interactor
- Cfe0pathogen
- Second interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- DIe0
- Direction
- higher resistancee0
- Value
- 41.3%e0
- Qualifier
- 64.4%e0
- Comparator
- AMF non‐inoculated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar spray inoculation with Cf also revealed that AMF pre‐inoculated plants had a higher resistance against subsequent pathogen infection, where the DI was 41.3% in mycorrhizal plants vs. 64.4% in AMF non‐inoculated plants”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculation significantly raised fresh and dry weight under both control and pathogen treatments.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- AMF ‐inoculated plantse0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- fresh and dry weighte0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- under both control (without pathogen) and pathogen treatmentse0
- Comparator
- non‐inoculated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AMF ‐inoculated plants showed significantly higher fresh and dry weight than non‐inoculated plants under both control (without pathogen) and pathogen treatments”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculation significantly increased superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities after pathogen inoculation.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- AMF ‐inoculated plantse0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- activities of superoxide dismutase and peroxidasee0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Qualifier
- after pathogen inoculatione0
- Comparator
- non‐inoculated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AMF ‐inoculated plants exhibited significant increases in activities of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase, along with decreases in levels of H 2 O 2 and malondialdehyde, compared with non‐inoculated plants after pathogen inoculation”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculation decreased hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde levels after pathogen inoculation.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- AMF ‐inoculated plantse0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- levels of H 2 O 2 and malondialdehydee0
- Direction
- decreasese0
- Qualifier
- after pathogen inoculatione0
- Comparator
- non‐inoculated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AMF ‐inoculated plants exhibited significant increases in activities of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase, along with decreases in levels of H 2 O 2 and malondialdehyde, compared with non‐inoculated plants after pathogen inoculation”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculation increased total chlorophyll and net photosynthesis under control and pathogen infection.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- AMF inoculatione0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- total chlorophyll contents and net photosynthesis ratee0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Qualifier
- under control and pathogen infectione0
- Comparator
- non‐inoculated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AMF inoculation led to increases in total chlorophyll contents and net photosynthesis rate as compared with non‐inoculated plants under control and pathogen infection”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Pathogen infection decreased chlorophyll fluorescence parameters without AMF.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Pathogen infectione0
- Interactor
- Cladosporium fulvum ( Cf )Fulvia fulvae1pathogen
- Outcome
- chlorophyll fluorescence parameterse0
- Direction
- decreasese0
- Qualifier
- AMF non‐inoculated plantse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pathogen infection on AMF non‐inoculated plants led to decreases in chlorophyll fluorescence parameters”
t0“tomato”
e1“In this study, mycorrhizal inoculation with Glomus mosseae ( Gm ) significantly alleviated tomato mould disease caused by the air‐borne fungal pathogen, Cladosporium fulvum ( Cf )”
Claim · model-written summary
Pathogen infection did not affect chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in mycorrhizal plants.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- pathogen infectione0
- Interactor
- Cladosporium fulvum ( Cf )Fulvia fulvae1pathogen
- Outcome
- chlorophyll fluorescence parameterse2
- Direction
- did not affecte0
- Qualifier
- mycorrhizal plantse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, pathogen infection did not affect these parameters in mycorrhizal plants”
t0“tomato”
e2“Pathogen infection on AMF non‐inoculated plants led to decreases in chlorophyll fluorescence parameters”
e1“In this study, mycorrhizal inoculation with Glomus mosseae ( Gm ) significantly alleviated tomato mould disease caused by the air‐borne fungal pathogen, Cladosporium fulvum ( Cf )”
The same questions in other papers
mycorrhiza · physiology: oxidative · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results differ
15 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
12 papers more in this group
See all 16 papers →infection · Fulvia fulva · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
mycorrhiza · physiology: photosynthesis · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
17 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- no effect
15 papers more in this group
See all 19 papers →inoculation · physiology: photosynthesis · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
29 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- negative
29 papers more in this group
See all 33 papers →mycorrhiza · disease · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
30 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- negative
33 papers more in this group
See all 37 papers →mycorrhiza · growth · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
126 papers in the same direction as this paper · 15 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- no effect
- no effect
140 papers more in this group
See all 144 papers →transgenic · Fulvia fulva · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
inoculation · Fulvia fulva · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.