Abstract
The contamination of soils with dry olive-mill residue can represent a serious problem as being an environmental stressor in plants. It has been demonstrated that inoculation of aqueous extract of olive oil-mill residue (ADOR) with saprobe fungi removes some phenolic compounds. In this paper we studied the effect of ADOR uninoculated or inoculated with saprobe fungi in sunflower seedling roots. The germination and root growth, O(2)·(-) generation, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and extracellular peroxidases (EC-POXs) activities, and the content of some metabolites involved in the tolerance of stress were tested. The roots germinated in ADOR uninoculated show a decrease in meristem size, resulting in a reduction of the root length and fresh weight, and in the number of layers forming the cortex, but did not alter the dry weight, protein and soluble amino acid content. ADOR caused the decreases in O(2)·(-) generation and EC-POX's activities and protein oxidation, but enhanced SOD activity, lipid peroxidation and proline content. Fluorescence imaging showed that ADOR induced O(2)·(-) and H(2)O(2) accumulation in the roots. The increase in SOD and the decrease in EC-POX's activities might be involved in the enhancement of H(2)O(2) content and lipid peroxidation. Control roots treated with ADOR for 10 min show an oxidative burst. Roots germinated in ADOR inoculated with saprobe fungi partially recovered normal levels of ROS, morphological characteristics and antioxidant activities. These results suggested that treatment with ADOR caused a phytotoxic effect during germination inducing an oxidative stress. The inoculation of ADOR with saprobe fungi limited the stress.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Uninoculated residue reduced sunflower root meristem size, length, fresh weight and cortex layers.
- Taxon
- Sunflower
Helianthus annuust0 - Treatment
- ADOR uninoculatede0
- Outcome
- meristem sizee0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sunflower”
e0“The roots germinated in ADOR uninoculated show a decrease in meristem size, resulting in a reduction of the root length and fresh weight, and in the number of layers forming the cortex”
Claim · model-written summary
Uninoculated residue did not alter dry weight, protein or soluble amino acid content.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- ADOR uninoculatede1
- Outcome
- dry weight, protein and soluble amino acid contente0
- Direction
- did not altere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sunflower”
e0“but did not alter the dry weight, protein and soluble amino acid content”
e1“The roots germinated in ADOR uninoculated show a decrease”
Claim · model-written summary
Residue decreased superoxide generation, extracellular peroxidase activity and protein oxidation.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- ADORe0
- Outcome
- O(2)·(-) generation and EC-POX's activities and protein oxidatione0
- Direction
- decreasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sunflower”
e0“ADOR caused the decreases in O(2)·(-) generation and EC-POX's activities and protein oxidation”
Claim · model-written summary
Residue enhanced SOD activity, lipid peroxidation and proline content.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- ADORe0
- Outcome
- SOD activity, lipid peroxidation and proline contente0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sunflower”
e0“ADOR caused the decreases in O(2)·(-) generation and EC-POX's activities and protein oxidation, but enhanced SOD activity, lipid peroxidation and proline content”
Claim · model-written summary
Fluorescence imaging showed residue-induced superoxide and hydrogen peroxide accumulation in roots.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- ADORe0
- Outcome
- O(2)·(-) and H(2)O(2) accumulatione0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sunflower”
e0“Fluorescence imaging showed that ADOR induced O(2)·(-) and H(2)O(2) accumulation in the roots”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest SOD increase and peroxidase decrease may explain increased peroxide and lipid peroxidation.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Gene
- SODe0
- Outcome
- H(2)O(2) content and lipid peroxidatione0
- Qualifier
- might be involvede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sunflower”
e0“The increase in SOD and the decrease in EC-POX's activities might be involved in the enhancement of H(2)O(2) content and lipid peroxidation”
Claim · model-written summary
Ten minutes of residue treatment caused an oxidative burst in control roots.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- ADOR for 10 mine0
- Outcome
- oxidative burste0
- Comparator
- Control rootse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sunflower”
e0“Control roots treated with ADOR for 10 min show an oxidative burst”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungal inoculation of residue partially restored ROS, morphology and antioxidant activities in roots.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- ADOR inoculated with saprobe fungie0
- Interactor
- saprobe fungie0other
- Outcome
- normal levels of ROS, morphological characteristics and antioxidant activitiese0
- Direction
- partially recoverede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sunflower”
e0“Roots germinated in ADOR inoculated with saprobe fungi partially recovered normal levels of ROS, morphological characteristics and antioxidant activities”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude residue caused phytotoxic oxidative stress during germination.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- ADORe0
- Outcome
- phytotoxic effecte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sunflower”
e0“treatment with ADOR caused a phytotoxic effect during germination inducing an oxidative stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungal inoculation of residue limited stress.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- inoculation of ADOR with saprobe fungie0
- Interactor
- saprobe fungie0other
- Outcome
- stresse0
- Direction
- limitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sunflower”
e0“The inoculation of ADOR with saprobe fungi limited the stress”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · physiology: oxidative · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.