Abstract
Summary: Changes in ihe species composition of a ryegrass pasture were examined over a 2 year period from a spring establishment. Seed of S23 perennial ryegrass was sown in main plots, eilher broadcast or drilled, at rates of 15, 25 or 35 kg/ha in a field experiment at Oxford. The whole area was oversown withfour weed grasses ( Agrostis siolonifera. Holcus lanatus. Poa annua and P trivialis ). Five cultural and three herbicide treatments were applied across the plots. These consisted of three levels of nitrogen (0. 50 and 100 kg N per ha), two companion species (Italian ryegrass and white clover) and 2.4‐D, benazolin and methabenzihiazuron applications. Ten weeks after sowing, broad‐leaved weeds accounted for nearly half the lotal dry‐matter yield, except where controlled by the three herbicides. Grass yields were nol increased by herbicide treatment. The only cultural treatment checking broad‐leaved weeds was ihe 35 kg/ha seeding rale. Seven months after sowing, the only treatment which had decreased the abundance of weed grasses was melhabenzthiazuron especially againsi A. stolonifera and Poa spp. Two years afler sowing, perennial ryegrass had only 34% ground cover and had been replaced largely by H. lanatus (38%), Poa spp, (15%) and A. stolonifera (7%), Where methabenzthiazuron had been used the ryegrass ground cover was 48%. with less P. trivialis and A. stolonifera. but H. lanatus was nol altered. White clover decreased H. lanatus cover. In two supplementary pot experiments, methabenzthiazuron sprayed pre‐emergence damaged perennial ryegrass unless the seed was covered with at least 4 mm of soil. Only H. lanatmand F. rubra out of sixteen grasses were relatively resistant to methabenzihiazuron when applied at ihe tillering stage, confirming that this herbicide has potential for preventing the ingress of many unsown grasses in new leys.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Ten weeks after sowing, broad-leaved weeds accounted for nearly half of the total dry-matter yield where not controlled by herbicides.
- Taxon
- perennial ryegrass
Lolium perennet0 - Interactor
- broad‐leaved weedse0weed
- Outcome
- dry‐matter yielde0
- Value
- nearly halfe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ten weeks after sowing, broad‐leaved weeds accounted for nearly half the lotal dry‐matter yield, except where controlled by the three herbicides”
t0“composition of a perennial ryegrass ley”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide treatment did not increase grass yields in the new ley.
- Taxon
- perennial ryegrassLolium perennet0
- Treatment
- herbicide treatmente1
- Outcome
- Grass yieldse1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Grass yields were nol increased by herbicide treatment”
t0“composition of a perennial ryegrass ley”
Claim · model-written summary
The 35 kg/ha seeding rate was the only cultural treatment that checked broad-leaved weeds.
- Taxon
- perennial ryegrassLolium perennet0
- Treatment
- 35 kg/hae2
- Interactor
- broad‐leaved weedse2weed
- Outcome
- broad‐leaved weedse2
- Direction
- checkinge2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“The only cultural treatment checking broad‐leaved weeds was ihe 35 kg/ha seeding rale”
t0“composition of a perennial ryegrass ley”
Claim · model-written summary
Seven months after sowing, methabenzthiazuron decreased the abundance of weed grasses, especially A. stolonifera and Poa spp.
- Taxon
- perennial ryegrassLolium perennet0
- Treatment
- melhabenzthiazurone3
- Interactor
- weed grassese3weed
- Outcome
- abundance of weed grassese3
- Direction
- decreasede3
- Qualifier
- Seven months after sowinge3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Seven months after sowing, the only treatment which had decreased the abundance of weed grasses was melhabenzthiazuron especially againsi A. stolonifera and Poa spp”
t0“composition of a perennial ryegrass ley”
Claim · model-written summary
Two years after sowing, perennial ryegrass had only 34% ground cover.
- Taxon
- perennial ryegrassLolium perennee4
- Outcome
- ground covere4
- Value
- 34%e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Two years afler sowing, perennial ryegrass had only 34% ground cover and had been replaced largely by H. lanatus (38%), Poa spp, (15%) and A. stolonifera (7%)”
t0“composition of a perennial ryegrass ley”
Claim · model-written summary
Where methabenzthiazuron was used, ryegrass ground cover was 48%.
LoliumNot reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Where methabenzthiazuron had been used the ryegrass ground cover was 48%. with less P. trivialis and A. stolonifera. but H. lanatus was nol altered. White clover decreased H. lanatus cover”
t0“composition of a perennial ryegrass ley”
Claim · model-written summary
With methabenzthiazuron there was less P. trivialis and A. stolonifera.
- Treatment
- methabenzthiazurone5
- Interactor
- P. trivialis
Poa trivialise5weed - Second interactor
- A. stolonifera
Agrostis stoloniferae5weed - Outcome
- P. trivialis and A. stoloniferae5
- Direction
- lesse5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Where methabenzthiazuron had been used the ryegrass ground cover was 48%. with less P. trivialis and A. stolonifera. but H. lanatus was nol altered. White clover decreased H. lanatus cover”
t0“composition of a perennial ryegrass ley”
Claim · model-written summary
Methabenzthiazuron did not alter H. lanatus.
- Treatment
- methabenzthiazurone5
- Interactor
- H. lanatus
Holcus lanatuse5weed - Outcome
- H. lanatuse5
- Direction
- nol alterede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Where methabenzthiazuron had been used the ryegrass ground cover was 48%. with less P. trivialis and A. stolonifera. but H. lanatus was nol altered. White clover decreased H. lanatus cover”
t0“composition of a perennial ryegrass ley”
Claim · model-written summary
Pre-emergence spraying of methabenzthiazuron damaged perennial ryegrass unless the seed was covered with at least 4 mm of soil.
- Taxon
- perennial ryegrassLolium perennet0
- Treatment
- methabenzthiazuron sprayed pre‐emergencee6
- Outcome
- perennial ryegrasse6
- Direction
- damagede6
- Comparator
- covered with at least 4 mm of soile6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“methabenzthiazuron sprayed pre‐emergence damaged perennial ryegrass unless the seed was covered with at least 4 mm of soil”
t0“composition of a perennial ryegrass ley”
Claim · model-written summary
Of sixteen grasses, H. lanatus and F. rubra were relatively resistant to methabenzihiazuron applied at the tillering stage.
- Taxon
- perennial ryegrassLolium perennet0
- Treatment
- methabenzihiazurone7
- Interactor
- F. rubrae7weed
- Outcome
- relatively resistante7
- Qualifier
- when applied at ihe tillering stagee7
- Comparator
- sixteen grassese7
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Only H. lanatmand F. rubra out of sixteen grasses were relatively resistant to methabenzihiazuron when applied at ihe tillering stage”
t0“composition of a perennial ryegrass ley”
Claim · model-written summary
White clover decreased H. lanatus cover.
- Taxon
- perennial ryegrassLolium perennet0
- Treatment
- White clovere5
- Interactor
- H. lanatusHolcus lanatuse5weed
- Outcome
- H. lanatus covere5
- Direction
- decreasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Where methabenzthiazuron had been used the ryegrass ground cover was 48%. with less P. trivialis and A. stolonifera. but H. lanatus was nol altered. White clover decreased H. lanatus cover”
t0“composition of a perennial ryegrass ley”
Claim · model-written summary
Two years after sowing, H. lanatus reached 38% ground cover after replacing ryegrass.
- Taxon
- perennial ryegrassLolium perennet0
- Interactor
- H. lanatusHolcus lanatuse4weed
- Outcome
- ground covere4
- Value
- 38%e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Two years afler sowing, perennial ryegrass had only 34% ground cover and had been replaced largely by H. lanatus (38%), Poa spp, (15%) and A. stolonifera (7%)”
t0“composition of a perennial ryegrass ley”
Claim · model-written summary
Two years after sowing, Poa spp. reached 15% ground cover after replacing ryegrass.
- Taxon
- perennial ryegrassLolium perennet0
- Outcome
- ground covere4
- Value
- 15%e4
PoaOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Two years afler sowing, perennial ryegrass had only 34% ground cover and had been replaced largely by H. lanatus (38%), Poa spp, (15%) and A. stolonifera (7%)”
t0“composition of a perennial ryegrass ley”
Claim · model-written summary
Two years after sowing, A. stolonifera reached 7% ground cover after replacing ryegrass.
- Taxon
- perennial ryegrassLolium perennet0
- Interactor
- A. stoloniferaAgrostis stoloniferae4weed
- Outcome
- ground covere4
- Value
- 7%e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Two years afler sowing, perennial ryegrass had only 34% ground cover and had been replaced largely by H. lanatus (38%), Poa spp, (15%) and A. stolonifera (7%)”
t0“composition of a perennial ryegrass ley”
The same questions in other papers
herbicide · yield · Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
herbicide · organism · Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.