Abstract
The yield and quality of perennial ryegrass, short-rotation ryegrass–perennial ryegrass mix, oats, millet, maize, rape, kale, pasja and turnips were determined over a 13-week summer period in 1995–96 and 1996–97. The experiment was conducted on the Elliott Research Station in north-western Tasmania (145°E, 41°S) and consisted of 2 irrigated and 2 dryland main plots. Within each main plot was a randomised complete block design with 9 forage crop subplots. Where forage is required through the summer, there is little advantage in establishing millet or oats over a spring-sown ryegrass pasture, mainly as the former still require replacement with permanent pasture in the autumn. However, if additional forage is required from late January then turnips are clearly superior to the other forages evaluated in all respects, apart from a low bulb crude protein (CP) content. Turnips responded significantly to irrigation, producing between 15 and 22 kg DM/ha.mm irrigation applied, with yields ranging between 7.9 and 10.6 t DM/ha dryland and between 13.5 and 14.4 t DM/ha under irrigation. The metabolisable energy (ME) and CP contents of turnips were 12.5 MJ/kg DM and 12.4% in the shoots and 13.4 MJ/kg DM and 7.0% in the bulbs, respectively. In comparison, the other fodder crops tested yielded between 4 and 6 t DM/ha under dryland conditions and between 5 and 7 t DM/ha under irrigated conditions. Turnips were most economic, costing on average A$120/t DM irrigated and $160/t DM dryland, while spring renovation to perennial ryegrass cost $385/t DM irrigated and $344/t DM dryland; clearly more expensive than purchased feeds for this period. These findings confirm the choice of many farmers that, of the species examined, turnips are the most suitable as a summer fodder crop, both irrigated or dryland, and integrate well with a pasture renovation rotation.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Millet offered little advantage over spring sown ryegrass for summer forage.
Verbatim
e0“there is little advantage in establishing millet or oats over a spring-sown ryegrass pasture”
Claim · model-written summary
Oats offered little advantage over spring sown ryegrass for summer forage.
- Taxon
- oats
Avena sativae0 - Outcome
- little advantagee0
- Comparator
- spring-sown ryegrass pasturee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there is little advantage in establishing millet or oats over a spring-sown ryegrass pasture”
Claim · model-written summary
Turnips were superior for forage needed from late January except for low bulb protein.
- Taxon
- turnips
.jpg?width=60)
Brassica rapa subsp. rapae0 - Outcome
- clearly superiore0
- Direction
- superiore0
- Qualifier
- low bulb crude protein (CP) contente0
- Comparator
- other foragese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“if additional forage is required from late January then turnips are clearly superior to the other forages evaluated in all respects, apart from a low bulb crude protein (CP) content”
Claim · model-written summary
Turnips responded significantly to irrigation at 15 to 22 kg dry matter per irrigation millimeter.
- Taxon
- TurnipsBrassica rapa subsp. rapae0
- Treatment
- irrigatione0
- Outcome
- kg DM/ha.mm irrigation appliede0
- Direction
- respondede0
- Value
- 15 and 22 kg DM/ha.mme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Turnips responded significantly to irrigation, producing between 15 and 22 kg DM/ha.mm irrigation applied”
Claim · model-written summary
Turnip dryland yield ranged from 7.9 to 10.6 t dry matter per hectare.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“yields ranging between 7.9 and 10.6 t DM/ha dryland”
Claim · model-written summary
Turnip irrigated yield ranged from 13.5 to 14.4 t dry matter per hectare.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“between 13.5 and 14.4 t DM/ha under irrigation”
Claim · model-written summary
Turnip shoot metabolizable energy was 12.5 MJ/kg dry matter.
- Taxon
- turnipsBrassica rapa subsp. rapae0
- Organ / stage
- shootse0
- Outcome
- metabolisable energy (ME)e0
- Value
- 12.5 MJ/kg DMe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The metabolisable energy (ME) and CP contents of turnips were 12.5 MJ/kg DM and 12.4% in the shoots”
Claim · model-written summary
Turnip shoot crude protein was 12.4%.
- Taxon
- turnipsBrassica rapa subsp. rapae0
- Organ / stage
- shootse0
- Outcome
- CP contentse0
- Value
- 12.4%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The metabolisable energy (ME) and CP contents of turnips were 12.5 MJ/kg DM and 12.4% in the shoots”
Claim · model-written summary
Turnip bulb metabolizable energy was 13.4 MJ/kg dry matter.
- Taxon
- turnipsBrassica rapa subsp. rapae1
- Organ / stage
- bulbse0
- Outcome
- MJ/kg DMe0
- Value
- 13.4 MJ/kg DMe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“13.4 MJ/kg DM and 7.0% in the bulbs”
e1“contents of turnips”
Claim · model-written summary
Turnip bulb crude protein was 7.0%.
- Taxon
- turnipsBrassica rapa subsp. rapae1
- Organ / stage
- bulbse0
- Outcome
- 7.0%e0
- Value
- 7.0%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“13.4 MJ/kg DM and 7.0% in the bulbs”
e1“contents of turnips”
Claim · model-written summary
Other fodder crops yielded 4 to 6 t dry matter per hectare under dryland conditions.
Verbatim
e0“other fodder crops tested yielded between 4 and 6 t DM/ha under dryland conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Other fodder crops yielded 5 to 7 t dry matter per hectare when irrigated.
Verbatim
e0“other fodder crops tested yielded between 4 and 6 t DM/ha under dryland conditions and between 5 and 7 t DM/ha under irrigated conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Turnips were the most economic forage at A$120/t DM irrigated.
- Taxon
- TurnipsBrassica rapa subsp. rapae0
- Outcome
- costinge0
- Value
- A$120/t DMe0
- Setting
- irrigatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Turnips were most economic, costing on average A$120/t DM irrigated and $160/t DM dryland”
Claim · model-written summary
Turnips cost $160/t DM dryland.
- Taxon
- TurnipsBrassica rapa subsp. rapae0
- Outcome
- costinge0
- Value
- $160/t DMe0
- Setting
- drylande0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Turnips were most economic, costing on average A$120/t DM irrigated and $160/t DM dryland”
Claim · model-written summary
Spring renovation with perennial ryegrass cost $385/t DM irrigated.
- Taxon
- perennial ryegrass
Lolium perennee0 - Outcome
- coste0
- Value
- $385/t DMe0
- Setting
- irrigatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“spring renovation to perennial ryegrass cost $385/t DM irrigated and $344/t DM dryland”
Claim · model-written summary
Spring renovation with perennial ryegrass cost $344/t DM dryland.
- Taxon
- perennial ryegrassLolium perennee0
- Outcome
- coste0
- Value
- $344/t DMe0
- Setting
- drylande0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“spring renovation to perennial ryegrass cost $385/t DM irrigated and $344/t DM dryland”
Claim · model-written summary
Turnips were considered most suitable summer fodder under irrigation or dryland management.
- Taxon
- turnipsBrassica rapa subsp. rapae0
- Outcome
- most suitable as a summer fodder crope0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“turnips are the most suitable as a summer fodder crop, both irrigated or dryland, and integrate well with a pasture renovation rotation”