Abstract
The present study aimed to dissect tree architectural plasticity into genetic, ontogenetic and environmental effects over the first 4 yr of growth of an apple (Malus x domestica) F1 progeny by means of mixed linear modelling of repeated data. Traits related to both growth and branching processes were annually assessed on different axes of the trees planted in a staggered-start design. Both spatial repetitions, (i.e. different axis types) and temporal repetitions (i.e. successive ages of trees) were considered in a mixed linear model of repeated data. A significant genotype effect was found for most studied traits and interactions between genotype and year and/or age were also detected. The analysis of repeated temporal measures highlighted that the magnitude of the decrease in primary growth is mainly determined by the first year of growth, and the decrease in bottom diameter increment is concomitant with the first fruiting occurrence. This approach allowed us to distinguish among the traits that were under genetic control, those for which this control is exerted differentially throughout tree life or depending on climatic conditions or an axis type. Mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL) that are specific to these different effects will constitute the next step in the research.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Most architectural traits showed a significant genotype effect.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticat0 - Outcome
- most studied traitse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A significant genotype effect was found for most studied traits”
t0“apple tree”
Claim · model-written summary
Genotype interacted with year and/or age for architectural traits.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- genotypee0
- Outcome
- interactions between genotype and year and/or agee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“interactions between genotype and year and/or age were also detected”
t0“apple tree”
Claim · model-written summary
The first year of growth mainly determined the magnitude of the decrease in primary growth.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- first year of growthe0
- Outcome
- primary growthe0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the magnitude of the decrease in primary growth is mainly determined by the first year of growth”
t0“apple tree”
Claim · model-written summary
The decrease in bottom diameter increment coincided with first fruiting.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- first fruiting occurrencee0
- Outcome
- bottom diameter incremente0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the decrease in bottom diameter increment is concomitant with the first fruiting occurrence”
t0“apple tree”
Claim · model-written summary
Repeated-measures analysis distinguished traits under genetic control from traits whose control varied over tree life, climate, or axis type.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- distinguish among the traitse0
- Comparator
- those for which this control is exerted differentially throughout tree life or depending on climatic conditions or an axis typee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This approach allowed us to distinguish among the traits that were under genetic control, those for which this control is exerted differentially throughout tree life or depending on climatic conditions or an axis type”
t0“apple tree”