Abstract
Several native poplar species meet at the margins of their natural distributions in southern Alberta, Canada. In this semi-arid area, poplars are obligate riparian species but they occupy several intergrading ecoregions. Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh predominates in the warmest and driest eastern prairie ecoregions; P. balsamifera L. occupies the cooler and wetter western parkland and montane ecoregions; and P. angustifolia James and hybrids between the species occur in the intermediate grassland ecoregions. We investigated stomatal characteristics of these poplars in 51 genotypes collected across the range of ecoregions and grown in a semi-arid common garden. Stomatal length differed among genotypes within species but did not differ among species, ranging from 19 to 22 microm. Total stomatal densities (adaxial plus abaxial) differed among genotypes within species but were similar among species (290-420 stomata mm(-2)). Single-surface stomatal densities differed among species and consequently, the ratio of adaxial:abaxial stomatal density also differed, ranging from 0.94 for P. deltoides to 0.27 for P. balsamifera, with intermediate stomatal density ratios in P. angustifolia and hybrids. In a subsequent study of a subset of the same genotypes, stomatal density was correlated with stomatal conductance (r2 = 0.75) and the conductance ratios differed among species in the same manner as the stomatal density ratios. We conclude that: (1) diverse poplar genotypes respond similarly to a semi-arid environment by producing comparatively small and dense stomata; (2) differences in stomatal density underlie differences in stomatal conductance and differences among species in stomatal density ratio or conductance ratio may reflect adaptation to climatic differences among ecoregions; and (3) there is substantial variation in stomatal characteristics within and among species and hybrids in this area that could be useful for the selection and breeding of poplars adapted to different climatic conditions.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Stomatal length differed among genotypes within species but not among poplar species, ranging from 19 to 22 microm.
- Outcome
- Stomatal lengthe0
- Value
- 19 to 22 microme0
- Qualifier
- differed among genotypes within species but did not differ among speciese0
PopulusOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stomatal length differed among genotypes within species but did not differ among species, ranging from 19 to 22 microm”
t0“poplar species”
Claim · model-written summary
Total stomatal densities differed among genotypes within species but were similar across species, at 290-420 stomata mm(-2).
- Outcome
- Total stomatal densitiese0
- Value
- 290-420 stomata mm(-2)e0
- Qualifier
- differed among genotypes within species but were similar among speciese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Total stomatal densities (adaxial plus abaxial) differed among genotypes within species but were similar among species (290-420 stomata mm(-2))”
t0“poplar species”
Claim · model-written summary
Single-surface stomatal densities differed among poplar species.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Single-surface stomatal densities differed among species”
t0“poplar species”
Claim · model-written summary
The adaxial:abaxial stomatal density ratio was 0.94 for P. deltoides.
- Taxon
- P. deltoides
Populus deltoidese0 - Outcome
- ratio of adaxial:abaxial stomatal densitye0
- Value
- 0.94e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ratio of adaxial:abaxial stomatal density also differed, ranging from 0.94 for P. deltoides to 0.27 for P. balsamifera”
Claim · model-written summary
The adaxial:abaxial stomatal density ratio was 0.27 for P. balsamifera.
- Taxon
- P. balsamifera
Populus balsamiferae0 - Outcome
- ratio of adaxial:abaxial stomatal densitye0
- Value
- 0.27e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ratio of adaxial:abaxial stomatal density also differed, ranging from 0.94 for P. deltoides to 0.27 for P. balsamifera”
Claim · model-written summary
P. angustifolia and hybrids had intermediate stomatal density ratios.
- Taxon
- P. angustifolia
Populus angustifoliae0 - Outcome
- stomatal density ratiose0
- Direction
- intermediatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with intermediate stomatal density ratios in P. angustifolia and hybrids”
Claim · model-written summary
Stomatal density correlated with stomatal conductance, with r2 = 0.75.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“stomatal density was correlated with stomatal conductance (r2 = 0.75)”
t0“poplar species”
Claim · model-written summary
Conductance ratios differed among poplar species in the same way as stomatal density ratios.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the conductance ratios differed among species in the same manner as the stomatal density ratios”
t0“poplar species”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that diverse poplar genotypes produce comparatively small and dense stomata in a semi-arid environment.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“diverse poplar genotypes respond similarly to a semi-arid environment by producing comparatively small and dense stomata”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that stomatal density differences underlie conductance differences.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“differences in stomatal density underlie differences in stomatal conductance”
t0“poplar species”
Claim · model-written summary
Species differences in density or conductance ratios may reflect climatic adaptation.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“differences among species in stomatal density ratio or conductance ratio may reflect adaptation to climatic differences among ecoregions”
t0“poplar species”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors identify substantial within- and among-species stomatal variation as useful for selecting and breeding climate-adapted poplars.
- Outcome
- substantial variation in stomatal characteristicse0
- Qualifier
- could be useful for the selection and breeding of poplars adapted to different climatic conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there is substantial variation in stomatal characteristics within and among species and hybrids in this area that could be useful for the selection and breeding of poplars adapted to different climatic conditions”