Abstract
Five-week-old white ash (Fraxinusamericana L.) were exposed to O 3 (0.00, 0.05, 0.10, or 0.15 ppm, 4 h/d, 5 d/week) in combination with simulated rain (pH 3.0, 4.3, or 5.6, 1 h/d, 2 d/week, at 0.75 cm/h) for 5 weeks, under controlled environmental conditions, with rain applied either just before or after fumigation. Across all other treatments, increasing concentrations of O 3 resulted in significant linear decreases in root, leaf, and total dry weights, total height increase, root/shoot ratio, and mean relative growth rates of the total plant, stem, root and leaves ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text], respectively). Significant linear decreases in root dry weight, [Formula: see text], and root/shoot ratio occurred with increasing rain acidity. A significant quadratic response was observed with rain pH for all aboveground variables measured. Growth was the greatest for seedlings treated with pH 4.3 and the least for those treated with pH 5.6 or 3.0 simulated rain. The timing of rain application relative to O 3 exposure did not significantly alter any growth variable. Visible symptoms of O 3 (0.15 ppm), simulated rain (pH 3.0), or O 3 plus simulated rain (0.15 ppm and pH 3.0) were observed on 61, 61, and 54% of the seedlings in each treatment, respectively. The combined effect of O 3 and simulated rain resulted in significantly less root dry weight, [Formula: see text], and root/shoot ratio at 0.05 ppm O 3 and significantly less [Formula: see text] and root/shoot ratio at 0.10 ppm O 3 as rain pH decreased. These findings are discussed relative to the implications of O 3 and acidic precipitation on white ash growth.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing ozone significantly decreased root, leaf and total dry weights of white ash seedlings.
- Taxon
- White ash
Fraxinus americanat0 - Treatment
- increasing concentrations of O 3e1
- Outcome
- root, leaf, and total dry weightse1
- Direction
- decreasese1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“White ash seedling growth response”
e1“increasing concentrations of O 3 resulted in significant linear decreases in root, leaf, and total dry weights, total height increase, root/shoot ratio, and mean relative growth rates of the total plant, stem, root and leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing ozone significantly decreased total height increase and root/shoot ratio.
- Taxon
- White ashFraxinus americanat0
- Treatment
- increasing concentrations of O 3e1
- Outcome
- total height increase, root/shoot ratioe1
- Direction
- decreasese1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“White ash seedling growth response”
e1“increasing concentrations of O 3 resulted in significant linear decreases in root, leaf, and total dry weights, total height increase, root/shoot ratio, and mean relative growth rates of the total plant, stem, root and leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing ozone significantly decreased mean relative growth rates of the total plant, stem, root and leaves.
- Taxon
- White ashFraxinus americanat0
- Treatment
- increasing concentrations of O 3e1
- Outcome
- mean relative growth rates of the total plant, stem, root and leavese1
- Direction
- decreasese1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“White ash seedling growth response”
e1“increasing concentrations of O 3 resulted in significant linear decreases in root, leaf, and total dry weights, total height increase, root/shoot ratio, and mean relative growth rates of the total plant, stem, root and leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing rain acidity significantly decreased root dry weight.
- Taxon
- White ashFraxinus americanat0
- Treatment
- increasing rain aciditye2
- Outcome
- root dry weighte2
- Direction
- decreasese2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“White ash seedling growth response”
e2“Significant linear decreases in root dry weight, [Formula: see text], and root/shoot ratio occurred with increasing rain acidity”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing rain acidity significantly decreased root/shoot ratio.
- Taxon
- White ashFraxinus americanat0
- Treatment
- increasing rain aciditye2
- Outcome
- root/shoot ratioe2
- Direction
- decreasese2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“White ash seedling growth response”
e2“Significant linear decreases in root dry weight, [Formula: see text], and root/shoot ratio occurred with increasing rain acidity”
Claim · model-written summary
Rain pH had a significant quadratic association with all aboveground growth variables.
- Taxon
- White ashFraxinus americanat0
- Treatment
- rain pHe3
- Outcome
- aboveground variablese3
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“White ash seedling growth response”
e3“A significant quadratic response was observed with rain pH for all aboveground variables measured”
Claim · model-written summary
Growth was greatest at rain pH 4.3 and least at pH 5.6 or 3.0.
- Taxon
- White ashFraxinus americanat0
- Treatment
- pH 4.3e4
- Outcome
- Growthe4
- Direction
- greateste4
- Comparator
- pH 5.6 or 3.0 simulated raine4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“White ash seedling growth response”
e4“Growth was the greatest for seedlings treated with pH 4.3 and the least for those treated with pH 5.6 or 3.0 simulated rain”
Claim · model-written summary
Timing of rain application relative to ozone did not significantly alter any growth variable.
- Taxon
- White ashFraxinus americanat0
- Treatment
- timing of rain applicatione5
- Outcome
- growth variablee5
- Direction
- did not significantly altere5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“White ash seedling growth response”
e5“The timing of rain application relative to O 3 exposure did not significantly alter any growth variable”
Claim · model-written summary
Visible ozone or rain symptoms were seen on 54-61% of seedlings per treatment.
- Taxon
- White ashFraxinus americanat0
- Treatment
- O 3 plus simulated raine6
- Outcome
- Visible symptomse6
- Value
- 61, 61, and 54%e6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“White ash seedling growth response”
e6“Visible symptoms of O 3 (0.15 ppm), simulated rain (pH 3.0), or O 3 plus simulated rain (0.15 ppm and pH 3.0) were observed on 61, 61, and 54% of the seedlings in each treatment, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined ozone and rain treatment at 0.05 ppm significantly decreased root dry weight.
- Taxon
- White ashFraxinus americanat0
- Treatment
- O 3 and simulated raine7
- Outcome
- root dry weighte7
- Direction
- lesse7
- Qualifier
- 0.05 ppm O 3e7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“White ash seedling growth response”
e7“The combined effect of O 3 and simulated rain resulted in significantly less root dry weight, [Formula: see text], and root/shoot ratio at 0.05 ppm O 3”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined ozone and rain treatment at 0.05 ppm significantly decreased root/shoot ratio.
- Taxon
- White ashFraxinus americanat0
- Treatment
- O 3 and simulated raine7
- Outcome
- root/shoot ratioe7
- Direction
- lesse7
- Qualifier
- 0.05 ppm O 3e7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“White ash seedling growth response”
e7“The combined effect of O 3 and simulated rain resulted in significantly less root dry weight, [Formula: see text], and root/shoot ratio at 0.05 ppm O 3”
Claim · model-written summary
At 0.10 ppm ozone, root/shoot ratio decreased as rain pH decreased.
- Taxon
- White ashFraxinus americanat0
- Treatment
- rain pHe1
- Outcome
- root/shoot ratioe1
- Direction
- lesse1
- Qualifier
- 0.10 ppm O 3e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“White ash seedling growth response”
e1“significantly less [Formula: see text] and root/shoot ratio at 0.10 ppm O 3 as rain pH decreased”
The same questions in other papers
rainfall · growth · Fraxinus americana (white ash)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
ozone · growth · Fraxinus americana (white ash)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.