Abstract
Significant grain yield increase to applied municipal sewage sludge was obtained. This study was carried out in order to investigate the effects of the different doses municipal sewage sludge application on the heavy metal concentrations, yield and quality of dry bean in the 2006 and 2007 years. The trial was conducted in randomized complete block design with three replications. Four municipal sewage sludge doses (0, 20 000, 40 000 and 60 000 kg ha-1) were applied. Significantly higher pod and seed number per plant in municipal sewage sludge treatments had increasing effects on grain yield. Whereas grain yield, which was the highest component was obtained from 60 000 kg ha-1 municipal sewage sludge with 1766.3 kg ha-1 in the first year and with 1881.6 kg ha-1 in the second year. The lowest grain yield were obtained from 0 kg ha-1 municipal sewage sludge in both years. 60 000 kg ha-1 municipal sewage sludge application was optimal with respect to increasing yield and yield characteristics. Concentrations of heavy metals in grain and shoot were similar to those in the fertilizer treatments. Cu, Zn, Cr, Pb and Ni in grain and shoot were well below their toxic thresholds
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Municipal sewage sludge significantly increased grain yield.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Significant grain yield increase to applied municipal sewage sludge was obtained.”
t0“dry bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Sludge treatments significantly increased pod number per plant.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Significantly higher pod and seed number per plant in municipal sewage sludge treatments had increasing effects on grain yield.”
t0“dry bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Sludge treatments significantly increased seed number per plant.
- Taxon
- dry beant0
- Treatment
- municipal sewage sludge treatmentse0
- Outcome
- seed number per plante0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Significantly higher pod and seed number per plant in municipal sewage sludge treatments had increasing effects on grain yield.”
t0“dry bean”
Claim · model-written summary
The 60 000 kg ha-1 sludge dose produced the highest first-year yield, 1766.3 kg ha-1.
- Taxon
- dry beant0
- Treatment
- 60 000 kg ha-1 municipal sewage sludgee0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 1766.3 kg ha-1e0
- Qualifier
- first yeare0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“grain yield, which was the highest component was obtained from 60 000 kg ha-1 municipal sewage sludge with 1766.3 kg ha-1 in the first year”
t0“dry bean”
Claim · model-written summary
The 60 000 kg ha-1 sludge dose produced 1881.6 kg ha-1 yield in the second year.
- Taxon
- dry beant0
- Treatment
- 60 000 kg ha-1 municipal sewage sludgee0
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 1881.6 kg ha-1e0
- Qualifier
- second yeare0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“60 000 kg ha-1 municipal sewage sludge with 1766.3 kg ha-1 in the first year and with 1881.6 kg ha-1 in the second year”
e1“grain yield, which was the highest component”
t0“dry bean”
Claim · model-written summary
The zero-sludge treatment had the lowest grain yield in both years.
Verbatim
e0“The lowest grain yield were obtained from 0 kg ha-1 municipal sewage sludge in both years.”
t0“dry bean”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors considered 60 000 kg ha-1 sludge optimal for yield and yield characteristics.
Verbatim
e0“60 000 kg ha-1 municipal sewage sludge application was optimal with respect to increasing yield and yield characteristics.”
t0“dry bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain heavy-metal concentrations under sludge were similar to fertilizer treatments.
Verbatim
e0“Concentrations of heavy metals in grain and shoot were similar to those in the fertilizer treatments.”
e1“applied municipal sewage sludge”
t0“dry bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot heavy-metal concentrations under sludge were similar to fertilizer treatments.
Verbatim
e0“Concentrations of heavy metals in grain and shoot were similar to those in the fertilizer treatments.”
e1“applied municipal sewage sludge”
t0“dry bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain and shoot Cu, Zn and Cr were below toxic thresholds.
Verbatim
e0“Cu, Zn, Cr, Pb and Ni in grain and shoot were well below their toxic thresholds”
t0“dry bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain and shoot Pb and Ni were below toxic thresholds.
Verbatim
e0“Cu, Zn, Cr, Pb and Ni in grain and shoot were well below their toxic thresholds”
t0“dry bean”
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See all 25 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.