Abstract
Anthocyanins, flavan-3-ols, and flavonols are the three major classes of flavonoid compounds found in grape berry tissues. Several viticultural practices increase flavonoid content in the fruit, but the underlying genetic mechanisms responsible for these changes have not been completely deciphered. The impact of post-veraison sunlight exposure on anthocyanin and flavonol accumulation in grape berry skin and its relation to the expression of different transcriptional regulators known to be involved in flavonoid synthesis was studied. Treatments consisting of removing or moving aside the basal leaves which shade berry clusters were applied. Shading did not affect sugar accumulation or gene expression of HEXOSE TRANSPORTER 1, although in the leaf removal treatment, these events were retarded during the first weeks of ripening. Flavonols were the most drastically reduced flavonoids following shading and leaf removal treatments, related to the reduced expression of FLAVONOL SYNTHASE 4 and its putative transcriptional regulator MYB12. Anthocyanin accumulation and the expression of CHS2, LDOX, OMT, UFGT, MYBA1, and MYB5a genes were also affected. Other regulatory genes were less affected or not affected at all by these treatments. Non-transcriptional control mechanisms for flavonoid synthesis are also suggested, especially during the initial stages of ripening. Although berries from the leaf removal treatment received more light than shaded fruits, malvidin-3-glucoside and total flavonol content was reduced compared with the treatment without leaf removal. This work reveals that flavonol-related gene expression responds rapidly to field changes in light levels, as shown by the treatment in which shaded fruits were exposed to light in the late stages of ripening. Taken together, this study establishes MYB-specific responsiveness for the effect of sun exposure and sugar transport on flavonoid synthesis.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Shading did not affect berry sugar accumulation or HEXOSE TRANSPORTER 1 expression.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera
Vitis viniferat0 - Treatment
- Shadinge0
- Gene
- HEXOSE TRANSPORTER 1e0
- Outcome
- sugar accumulation or gene expression of HEXOSE TRANSPORTER 1e0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Shading did not affect sugar accumulation or gene expression of HEXOSE TRANSPORTER 1”
t0“Vitis vinifera”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf removal delayed sugar accumulation and HEXOSE TRANSPORTER 1 expression in early ripening.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferat0
- Treatment
- leaf removal treatmente0
- Outcome
- sugar accumulation or gene expression of HEXOSE TRANSPORTER 1e1
- Direction
- retardede0
- Qualifier
- first weeks of ripeninge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“although in the leaf removal treatment, these events were retarded during the first weeks of ripening.”
e1“Shading did not affect sugar accumulation or gene expression of HEXOSE TRANSPORTER 1”
t0“Vitis vinifera”
Claim · model-written summary
Shading and leaf removal reduced flavonols most drastically.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferat0
- Treatment
- shading and leaf removal treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Flavonolse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Flavonols were the most drastically reduced flavonoids following shading and leaf removal treatments, related to the reduced expression of FLAVONOL SYNTHASE 4 and its putative transcriptional regulator MYB12.”
t0“Vitis vinifera”
Claim · model-written summary
Shading and leaf removal reduced expression of FLAVONOL SYNTHASE 4 and MYB12.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferat0
- Treatment
- shading and leaf removal treatmentse0
- Gene
- FLAVONOL SYNTHASE 4e0
- Outcome
- expression of FLAVONOL SYNTHASE 4 and its putative transcriptional regulator MYB12e0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Flavonols were the most drastically reduced flavonoids following shading and leaf removal treatments, related to the reduced expression of FLAVONOL SYNTHASE 4 and its putative transcriptional regulator MYB12.”
t0“Vitis vinifera”
Claim · model-written summary
The treatments affected anthocyanin accumulation and expression of six named genes.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferat0
- Treatment
- shading and leaf removal treatmentse1
- Outcome
- Anthocyanin accumulatione0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Anthocyanin accumulation and the expression of CHS2, LDOX, OMT, UFGT, MYBA1, and MYB5a genes were also affected.”
e1“shading and leaf removal treatments”
t0“Vitis vinifera”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf removal reduced malvidin-3-glucoside and total flavonols despite greater berry light exposure.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferat0
- Treatment
- leaf removal treatmente0
- Outcome
- malvidin-3-glucoside and total flavonol contente0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- treatment without leaf removale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Although berries from the leaf removal treatment received more light than shaded fruits, malvidin-3-glucoside and total flavonol content was reduced compared with the treatment without leaf removal.”
t0“Vitis vinifera”
Claim · model-written summary
Flavonol-related gene expression responded rapidly when late-ripening shaded fruit was exposed to light.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferat0
- Treatment
- shaded fruits were exposed to lighte0
- Outcome
- flavonol-related gene expressione0
- Direction
- responds rapidlye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“flavonol-related gene expression responds rapidly to field changes in light levels, as shown by the treatment in which shaded fruits were exposed to light in the late stages of ripening.”
t0“Vitis vinifera”
The same questions in other papers
pruning · molecular: metabolites · Vitis vinifera (wine grape)Results differ
14 papers in the same direction as this paper · 37 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
48 papers more in this group
See all 52 papers →shade · molecular: expression · Vitis vinifera (wine grape)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.