Abstract
Shoot dry matter data from a multi-year experiment with four tillage treatments (conventional (MB), chisel (CH), ridge till (R) and no-till (NT)) conducted on two sites at Ottawa, Canada (45°23'N, 75°43'W) were analyzed to determine to what extent tillage differences influenced shoot growth over the vegetative period. Over three years the ranking of corn shoot dry matter at 6-leaf, 12-leaf and silking stages was MB > CH > R > NT. Tillage effects were only statistically significant (P ≦ 0.05) at early vegetative stages. Phenological data indicated a greater delay in silking than in reaching the 6-leaf stage under conservation tillage. Thermal units (growing degree days, base temperature 10°C) in the seed bed (0.05 m) were also ranked MB > CH > R > NT for development between planting and the 6-leaf stage. By the 12-leaf and silking stages, tillage treatment had little effect on soil temperature. Soil temperatures at the 0.20 m depth were unaffected by tillage treatment. Shoot growth gradually became a function of air temperature after the growing tip emerged from the soil at the 6-leaf stage. Differences in grain yield and moisture content at harvest among tillage treatments were not attributable to differences in vegetative dry matter accumulation, but to developmental delays caused by fewer soil thermal units available to the 6-leaf stage under conservation tillage. These findings suggest that reducing the residue covering at planting, and thereby raising seed bed soil temperature, would improve grain yields on conservation tillage.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Corn shoot dry matter ranked MB above CH above R above NT at three vegetative stages.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse0 - Organ / stage
- 6-leaf, 12-leaf and silking stagese0
- Treatment
- MBe0
- Outcome
- corn shoot dry mattere0
- Direction
- MB > CH > R > NTe0
- Comparator
- CH > R > NTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Over three years the ranking of corn shoot dry matter at 6-leaf, 12-leaf and silking stages was MB > CH > R > NT.”
Claim · model-written summary
Tillage effects on shoot dry matter were significant only at early vegetative stages.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Outcome
- Tillage effectse0
- Qualifier
- early vegetative stagese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tillage effects were only statistically significant (P ≦ 0.05) at early vegetative stages.”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Conservation tillage delayed silking more than the 6-leaf stage.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- conservation tillagee0
- Outcome
- silkinge0
- Direction
- greater delaye0
- Comparator
- reaching the 6-leaf stagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“greater delay in silking than in reaching the 6-leaf stage under conservation tillage”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Seedbed thermal units ranked MB above CH above R above NT up to six leaves.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- MBe0
- Outcome
- Thermal unitse0
- Direction
- MB > CH > R > NTe0
- Qualifier
- between planting and the 6-leaf stagee0
- Comparator
- CH > R > NTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Thermal units (growing degree days, base temperature 10°C) in the seed bed (0.05 m) were also ranked MB > CH > R > NT for development between planting and the 6-leaf stage.”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
By the 12-leaf and silking stages, tillage had little effect on soil temperature.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Organ / stage
- 12-leaf and silking stagese0
- Treatment
- tillage treatmente0
- Outcome
- soil temperaturee0
- Direction
- little effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“By the 12-leaf and silking stages, tillage treatment had little effect on soil temperature.”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil temperature at 0.20 m was unaffected by tillage.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- tillage treatmente0
- Outcome
- Soil temperaturese0
- Direction
- unaffectede0
- Qualifier
- 0.20 m depthe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil temperatures at the 0.20 m depth were unaffected by tillage treatment.”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot growth increasingly depended on air temperature after the six-leaf stage.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Organ / stage
- 6-leaf stagee0
- Treatment
- air temperaturee0
- Outcome
- Shoot growthe0
- Direction
- gradually becamee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Shoot growth gradually became a function of air temperature after the growing tip emerged from the soil at the 6-leaf stage.”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield and harvest moisture differences were attributed to developmental delays from reduced thermal units under conservation tillage.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- conservation tillagee0
- Outcome
- grain yield and moisture content at harveste0
- Qualifier
- developmental delays caused by fewer soil thermal unitse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Differences in grain yield and moisture content at harvest among tillage treatments were not attributable to differences in vegetative dry matter accumulation, but to developmental delays caused by fewer soil thermal units available to the 6-leaf stage under conservation tillage.”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Reducing residue cover at planting is suggested to improve yields under conservation tillage.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- reducing the residue covering at plantinge0
- Outcome
- improve grain yieldse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reducing the residue covering at planting, and thereby raising seed bed soil temperature, would improve grain yields on conservation tillage”
t0“Corn”
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