Abstract
During the period 1978–1992, phenylamide fungicides in co‐formulation with the dithiocarbamate fungicide mancozeb were tested for the control of potato late‐blight in 51 separate field experiments in England and Wales. Whilst there was a general trend over all the experiments which indicated that foliage blight was less severe where the phenylamide + dithiocarbamate mixture had been used, the benefit was more marked in some than in others. Despite the detection of phenylamide resistance, at some sites the mixture gave better control of foliage blight than the dithiocarbamate alone. At one site where continuous data were available, the additional benefit of the phenylamide compound for control of foliage infection was lost after 1986 coinciding with a rise in phenylamide resistance from 31.7% in 1986 to 81% in 1987. Where foliar blight epidemics occurred, yield responses to fungicide programmes compared with unsprayed controls ranged from 0 to +118.5% with a mean response of +30.2%. This is equivalent to 30.8 and 12.92 t/ha respectively. Standardized yield differences were calculated to allow inter‐trial and inter‐year comparisons and showed no benefit from the phenylamide fungicide applied at 14‐day intervals in 33 out of 38 experiments where foliar blight epidemics occurred. At one site, Cusum analysis of standardized yield differences following treatment with the phenylamide + dithiocarbamate mixture and the dithiocarbamate alone showed a mean benefit from the phenylamide mixture of 2.23 t/ha during the period 1978 to 1986. From 1987 to 1992, the yield benefit dropped to a mean level of 0.68 t/ha a decrease of 69.5%. In experiments where blight was not recorded, fungicide treatments had no deleterious effect on yields. Over all the trials, there was no effect of fungicide treatment on the incidence of tuber blight at harvest.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Phenylamide mixture generally reduced foliage blight severity.
- Taxon
- potato
Solanum tuberosumt0 - Treatment
- phenylamide + dithiocarbamate mixturee0
- Interactor
- Phytophthora infestans
Phytophthora infestanst0pathogen - Outcome
- foliage blighte0
- Direction
- less severee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliage blight was less severe where the phenylamide + dithiocarbamate mixture had been used”
t0“potato late‐blight ( Phytophthora infestans )”
Claim · model-written summary
Mixture controlled foliage blight better than dithiocarbamate alone at some sites.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- mixturee0
- Interactor
- Phytophthora infestansPhytophthora infestanst0pathogen
- Outcome
- control of foliage blighte0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- dithiocarbamate alonee0
- Setting
- some sitese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at some sites the mixture gave better control of foliage blight than the dithiocarbamate alone”
t0“potato late‐blight ( Phytophthora infestans )”
Claim · model-written summary
Additional control benefit was lost after 1986 at one site.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Outcome
- additional benefit of the phenylamide compound for control of foliage infectione0
- Direction
- loste0
- Qualifier
- after 1986e0
Not reportedSetting
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the additional benefit of the phenylamide compound for control of foliage infection was lost after 1986”
t0“potato late‐blight ( Phytophthora infestans )”
Claim · model-written summary
Phenylamide resistance rose from 31.7% in 1986 to 81% in 1987.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Interactor
- Phytophthora infestansPhytophthora infestanst0pathogen
- Outcome
- phenylamide resistancee0
- Value
- 31.7% in 1986 to 81% in 1987e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“phenylamide resistance from 31.7% in 1986 to 81% in 1987”
t0“potato late‐blight ( Phytophthora infestans )”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicide programs yielded 0 to +118.5% more than unsprayed controls, mean +30.2%.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- fungicide programmese0
- Outcome
- yield responsese0
- Value
- 0 to +118.5%e0
- Qualifier
- mean response of +30.2%e0
- Comparator
- unsprayed controlse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“yield responses to fungicide programmes compared with unsprayed controls ranged from 0 to +118.5% with a mean response of +30.2%”
t0“potato late‐blight ( Phytophthora infestans )”
Claim · model-written summary
Phenylamide at 14-day intervals gave no yield benefit in 33 of 38 epidemics.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- phenylamide fungicide applied at 14‐day intervalse0
- Outcome
- benefite0
- Direction
- no benefite0
- Value
- 33 out of 38 experimentse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no benefit from the phenylamide fungicide applied at 14‐day intervals in 33 out of 38 experiments where foliar blight epidemics occurred”
t0“potato late‐blight ( Phytophthora infestans )”
Claim · model-written summary
Phenylamide mixture yield benefit averaged 2.23 t/ha in 1978–1986.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- phenylamide mixturee0
- Outcome
- mean benefite0
- Direction
- benefite0
- Value
- 2.23 t/hae0
- Qualifier
- during the period 1978 to 1986e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a mean benefit from the phenylamide mixture of 2.23 t/ha during the period 1978 to 1986”
t0“potato late‐blight ( Phytophthora infestans )”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield benefit dropped to 0.68 t/ha in 1987–1992, a 69.5% decrease.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Outcome
- yield benefite0
- Direction
- droppede0
- Value
- 0.68 t/hae0
- Qualifier
- a decrease of 69.5%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“From 1987 to 1992, the yield benefit dropped to a mean level of 0.68 t/ha a decrease of 69.5%.”
t0“potato late‐blight ( Phytophthora infestans )”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicide did not reduce yields when blight was absent.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- fungicide treatmentse0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- no deleterious effecte0
- Qualifier
- blight was not recordede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In experiments where blight was not recorded, fungicide treatments had no deleterious effect on yields”
t0“potato late‐blight ( Phytophthora infestans )”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicide treatment had no effect on tuber blight at harvest.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Organ / stage
- tubere0
- Treatment
- fungicide treatmente0
- Interactor
- Phytophthora infestansPhytophthora infestanst0pathogen
- Outcome
- incidence of tuber blighte0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there was no effect of fungicide treatment on the incidence of tuber blight at harvest”
t0“potato late‐blight ( Phytophthora infestans )”
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See all 65 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.