Abstract
Summary: A semi‐open circuit system for measuring changes in net CO 2 exchange (NCE) in single leaves of intact grasses following herbicide treatment is described and evaluated. There were significant differences in levels of inhibition and subsequent recovery of NCE in maize and eight weedy panicoid grasses following limited root uptake of atrazine (2‐chloro‐4‐ethyl‐amino‐6‐isopropylamino‐1,3,5‐triazine). cyanazine [2‐chloro‐4‐(1‐cyano‐1‐methylethylamino)‐6‐ethylamino‐1,3,5‐triazine] and cyprazine (2‐chloro‐4‐cyclopropylamino‐6‐isopropyl‐amino‐1,3.5‐triazine). Rate of NCE recovery was positively correlated (P = 0.05) with growth of seedlings in nutrient solution containing the herbicides. Rates of NCE recovery >0.9 mg CO2 per dm2 per h/h reflected rapid rates of herbicide detoxification in the leaves and a significant tolerance to preplant incorporated and postemergence applications of atra‐zine, cyanazine and cyprazine. In contrast, some species, e.g. large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.] and proso millet ( Panicum miliaceum L.) treated with cyanazine demonstrated considerable tolerance to these treatments in spite of low NCE recovery rates indicating that factors other than foliar detoxification may play an important role in the tolerance of some grasses to 2‐chloro‐ 1,3,5‐triazine herbicides.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Atrazine caused significant differences in inhibition and recovery of net CO2 exchange in maize and eight weedy panicoid grasses.
- Taxon
- grassest0
- Treatment
- atrazinee1
- Outcome
- levels of inhibition and subsequent recovery of NCEe1
- Qualifier
- maize and eight weedy panicoid grassese1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
t0“The effect of atrazine, cyanazine and cyprazine on photosynthesis and growth of nine grasses”
e1“There were significant differences in levels of inhibition and subsequent recovery of NCE in maize and eight weedy panicoid grasses following limited root uptake of atrazine”
Claim · model-written summary
Rate of net CO2 exchange recovery was positively correlated with seedling growth in nutrient solution containing the herbicides.
Verbatim
t0“The effect of atrazine, cyanazine and cyprazine on photosynthesis and growth of nine grasses”
e2“Rate of NCE recovery was positively correlated (P = 0.05) with growth of seedlings in nutrient solution containing the herbicides”
Claim · model-written summary
Recovery rates above 0.9 mg CO2 per dm2 per h reflect rapid herbicide detoxification in the leaves and significant tolerance of grasses to triazine applications.
Verbatim
t0“The effect of atrazine, cyanazine and cyprazine on photosynthesis and growth of nine grasses”
e3“reflected rapid rates of herbicide detoxification in the leaves”
e4“a significant tolerance to preplant incorporated and postemergence applications”
Claim · model-written summary
Large crabgrass showed considerable tolerance to cyanazine despite low net CO2 exchange recovery rates.
- Taxon
- Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.
.jpg?width=60)
Digitaria sanguinalise5 - Treatment
- cyanazinee5
- Outcome
- tolerancee5
- Qualifier
- in spite of low NCE recovery ratese5
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“The effect of atrazine, cyanazine and cyprazine on photosynthesis and growth of nine grasses”
e5“large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.] and proso millet ( Panicum miliaceum L.) treated with cyanazine demonstrated considerable tolerance to these treatments in spite of low NCE recovery rates”
Claim · model-written summary
Proso millet showed considerable tolerance to cyanazine despite low net CO2 exchange recovery rates.
- Taxon
- Panicum miliaceum L.
Panicum miliaceume5 - Treatment
- cyanazinee5
- Outcome
- tolerancee5
- Qualifier
- in spite of low NCE recovery ratese5
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“The effect of atrazine, cyanazine and cyprazine on photosynthesis and growth of nine grasses”
e5“large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.] and proso millet ( Panicum miliaceum L.) treated with cyanazine demonstrated considerable tolerance to these treatments in spite of low NCE recovery rates”
Claim · model-written summary
Factors other than foliar detoxification may play an important role in the tolerance of some grasses to triazine herbicides.
Verbatim
t0“The effect of atrazine, cyanazine and cyprazine on photosynthesis and growth of nine grasses”
e6“factors other than foliar detoxification may play an important role in the tolerance of some grasses”