Abstract
PURPOSE: An experiment was carried out to determine the effect of low dose gamma radiation on germination, plant growth, nitrogen and carbon fixation and carbon flow and release characteristics of groundnut. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Dry seeds of groundnut variety Trombay groundnut 37A (TG 37A), a radio mutant type developed by Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai, India, were subjected to the pre-sowing treatment of gamma radiation within low to high dose physiological range, i.e., 0.0, 0.0082, 0.0164. 0.0328, 0.0656, 0.1312, 5, 25, 100, 500 Gray (Gy) from a cobalt source ((60)Co). Observations were recorded for the radiation effect on percentage germination, vigour, gas exchange attributes such as photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate, chlorophyll content, root exudation in terms of (14)C release, vascular sap flow rate and activities of rate defining carbon and nitrogen assimilating enzymes such as ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (rubisco) and nitrate reductase (NR). RESULTS: Seed germination was increased by 10-25% at the lower doses up to 5 Gy while the improvement in plant vigour in the same dose range was much higher (22-84%) than the unirradiated control. For radiation exposure above 5 Gy, a dose-dependent decline in germination and plant vigour was measured. No significant effect was observed on the photosynthesis at radiation exposure below 5 Gy but above 5 Gy dose there was a decline in the photosynthetic rate. Stomatal conductance and transpiration rate, however, were only inhibited at a high dose of 500 Gy. Leaf rubisco activity and NR activities remained unaffected at all the investigated doses of gamma irradiation. Mean root exudation and sap flow rate of the irradiated plants, irrespective of the dose, was reduced over the unirradiated control more so in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS: Results indicated that a very low dose of gamma radiation, in centigray to gray range, did not pose any threat and in fact stimulated metabolic functions in such a way to aid growth and development of groundnut plants. It further showed that the radiation threshold for the gas exchange traits and rubisco activity, which ultimately determine the plant health and yield, were higher than compared to the other metabolic attributes and were well beyond 500 Gy and that the dose range above 500 Gy should be targeted to measure lethal effects of radiation on carbon assimilation attributes in leguminous crops, in general, and groundnut in particular.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Low-dose gamma radiation (up to 5 Gy) increased groundnut seed germination by 10-25%.
- Taxon
- groundnut
Arachis hypogaeae2 - Material
- Trombay groundnut 37Ae2
- Organ / stage
- Dry seedse2
- Treatment
- pre-sowing treatment of gamma radiatione3
- Outcome
- Seed germinatione1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 10-25%e1
- Qualifier
- lower doses up to 5 Gye1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Seed germination was increased by 10-25% at the lower doses up to 5 Gy”
e2“Dry seeds of groundnut variety Trombay groundnut 37A (TG 37A)”
e3“pre-sowing treatment of gamma radiation”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant vigour of groundnut was much higher at the same low doses than in the unirradiated control.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeae2
- Material
- Trombay groundnut 37Ae2
- Treatment
- pre-sowing treatment of gamma radiatione3
- Outcome
- plant vigoure1
- Direction
- much highere1
- Value
- 22-84%e1
- Qualifier
- same dose rangee1
- Comparator
- unirradiated controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the improvement in plant vigour in the same dose range was much higher (22-84%) than the unirradiated control”
e2“Dry seeds of groundnut variety Trombay groundnut 37A (TG 37A)”
e3“pre-sowing treatment of gamma radiation”
Claim · model-written summary
Gamma radiation below 5 Gy had no significant effect on groundnut photosynthesis.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeae2
- Treatment
- radiation exposure below 5 Gye1
- Outcome
- photosynthesise1
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“No significant effect was observed on the photosynthesis at radiation exposure below 5 Gy”
e2“Dry seeds of groundnut variety Trombay groundnut 37A (TG 37A)”
Claim · model-written summary
Above 5 Gy, groundnut photosynthetic rate declined.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeae2
- Treatment
- above 5 Gy dosee1
- Outcome
- photosynthetic ratee1
- Direction
- declinee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“but above 5 Gy dose there was a decline in the photosynthetic rate”
e2“Dry seeds of groundnut variety Trombay groundnut 37A (TG 37A)”
Claim · model-written summary
Stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of groundnut were inhibited only at a high dose of 500 Gy.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeae2
- Treatment
- a high dose of 500 Gye1
- Outcome
- Stomatal conductance and transpiration ratee1
- Direction
- inhibitede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Stomatal conductance and transpiration rate, however, were only inhibited at a high dose of 500 Gy”
e2“Dry seeds of groundnut variety Trombay groundnut 37A (TG 37A)”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf rubisco and nitrate reductase activities of groundnut remained unaffected at all investigated doses of gamma irradiation.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeae2
- Treatment
- all the investigated doses of gamma irradiatione1
- Outcome
- Leaf rubisco activity and NR activitiese1
- Direction
- remained unaffectede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Leaf rubisco activity and NR activities remained unaffected at all the investigated doses of gamma irradiation”
e2“Dry seeds of groundnut variety Trombay groundnut 37A (TG 37A)”
Claim · model-written summary
Root exudation and sap flow rate of irradiated groundnut plants were reduced relative to the unirradiated control, more so with dose.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeae2
- Treatment
- irradiated plantse1
- Outcome
- Mean root exudation and sap flow ratee1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Qualifier
- dose-dependent mannere1
- Comparator
- unirradiated controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Mean root exudation and sap flow rate of the irradiated plants, irrespective of the dose, was reduced over the unirradiated control more so in a dose-dependent manner”
e2“Dry seeds of groundnut variety Trombay groundnut 37A (TG 37A)”
Claim · model-written summary
Above 5 Gy, groundnut germination and plant vigour declined in a dose-dependent manner.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeae2
- Treatment
- radiation exposure above 5 Gye1
- Outcome
- germination and plant vigoure1
- Direction
- declinee1
- Qualifier
- dose-dependente1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“For radiation exposure above 5 Gy, a dose-dependent decline in germination and plant vigour was measured”
e2“Dry seeds of groundnut variety Trombay groundnut 37A (TG 37A)”
Claim · model-written summary
The radiation threshold for groundnut gas exchange traits and rubisco activity was higher than for other metabolic attributes and well beyond 500 Gy.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeae2
- Treatment
- radiatione1
- Outcome
- radiation threshold for the gas exchange traits and rubisco activitye1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- well beyond 500 Gye1
- Comparator
- the other metabolic attributese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the radiation threshold for the gas exchange traits and rubisco activity, which ultimately determine the plant health and yield, were higher than compared to the other metabolic attributes and were well beyond 500 Gy”
e2“Dry seeds of groundnut variety Trombay groundnut 37A (TG 37A)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend that the dose range above 500 Gy be targeted to measure lethal effects of radiation on carbon assimilation in groundnut and other leguminous crops.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeae1
- Treatment
- dose range above 500 Gye1
- Outcome
- lethal effects of radiation on carbon assimilation attributese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the dose range above 500 Gy should be targeted to measure lethal effects of radiation on carbon assimilation attributes in leguminous crops, in general, and groundnut in particular”
The same questions in other papers
radiation · growth · Arachis hypogaea (peanut)Results differ
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 11 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- negative
14 papers more in this group
See all 18 papers →radiation · physiology: enzyme activity · Arachis hypogaea (peanut)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.