Abstract
Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and whole-cell patch-clamp were used to investigate the role of Ca2+ influx in maintaining the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]c) and the features of the Ca2+ influx pathway in germinating pollen grains of Lilium davidii D. [Ca2+]c decreased when Ca2+ influx was inhibited by EGTA or Ca2+ channel blockers. A hyperpolarization-activated Ca2+-permeable channel, which can be suppressed by trivalent cations, verapamil, nifedipine or diltiazem, was identified on the plasma membrane of pollen protoplasts with whole-cell patch-clamp recording. Calmodulin (CaM) antiserum and W7-agarose, both of which are cell-impermeable CaM antagonists, lead to a [Ca2+]c decrease, while exogenous purified CaM triggers a transient increase of [Ca2+]c and also remarkably activated the hyperpolarization-activated Ca2+ conductance on plasma membrane of pollen protoplasts in a dose-dependent manner. Both the increase of [Ca2+]c and the activation of Ca2+ conductance which were induced by exogenous CaM were inhibited by EGTA or Ca2+ channel blockers. This primary evidence showed the presence of a voltage-dependent Ca2+-permeable channel, whose activity may be regulated by extracellular CaM, in pollen cells.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Inhibiting Ca2+ influx with EGTA or Ca2+ channel blockers decreased cytosolic Ca2+ concentration in germinating Lilium davidii pollen grains.
- Taxon
- Lilium davidii
Lilium davidiie1 - Organ / stage
- germinating pollen grainse1
- Treatment
- EGTA or Ca2+ channel blockerse2
- Outcome
- [Ca2+]ce2
- Direction
- decreasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“germinating pollen grains of Lilium davidii”
e2“[Ca2+]c decreased when Ca2+ influx was inhibited by EGTA or Ca2+ channel blockers”
Claim · model-written summary
A hyperpolarization-activated Ca2+-permeable channel was identified on the plasma membrane of Lilium davidii pollen protoplasts.
- Taxon
- Lilium davidiiLilium davidiie1
- Organ / stage
- pollen protoplastse2
- Outcome
- hyperpolarization-activated Ca2+-permeable channele2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“germinating pollen grains of Lilium davidii”
e2“A hyperpolarization-activated Ca2+-permeable channel, which can be suppressed by trivalent cations, verapamil, nifedipine or diltiazem, was identified on the plasma membrane of pollen protoplasts”
Claim · model-written summary
Trivalent cations, verapamil, nifedipine or diltiazem suppressed the hyperpolarization-activated Ca2+-permeable channel of Lilium davidii pollen protoplasts.
- Taxon
- Lilium davidiiLilium davidiie1
- Treatment
- trivalent cations, verapamil, nifedipine or diltiazeme2
- Outcome
- hyperpolarization-activated Ca2+-permeable channele2
- Direction
- suppressede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“germinating pollen grains of Lilium davidii”
e2“A hyperpolarization-activated Ca2+-permeable channel, which can be suppressed by trivalent cations, verapamil, nifedipine or diltiazem”
Claim · model-written summary
Calmodulin antiserum and W7-agarose, both cell-impermeable CaM antagonists, decreased cytosolic Ca2+ concentration in Lilium davidii pollen.
- Taxon
- Lilium davidiiLilium davidiie1
- Treatment
- Calmodulin (CaM) antiserum and W7-agarosee2
- Outcome
- [Ca2+]ce2
- Direction
- decreasee2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“germinating pollen grains of Lilium davidii”
e2“Calmodulin (CaM) antiserum and W7-agarose, both of which are cell-impermeable CaM antagonists, lead to a [Ca2+]c decrease”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous purified CaM transiently increased cytosolic Ca2+ concentration in Lilium davidii pollen.
- Taxon
- Lilium davidiiLilium davidiie1
- Treatment
- exogenous purified CaMe2
- Outcome
- [Ca2+]ce2
- Direction
- increasee2
- Qualifier
- transiente2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“germinating pollen grains of Lilium davidii”
e2“exogenous purified CaM triggers a transient increase of [Ca2+]c”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous purified CaM activated the hyperpolarization-activated Ca2+ conductance of pollen protoplasts in a dose-dependent manner.
- Taxon
- Lilium davidiiLilium davidiie1
- Organ / stage
- pollen protoplastse2
- Treatment
- exogenous purified CaMe2
- Outcome
- hyperpolarization-activated Ca2+ conductancee2
- Direction
- activatede2
- Qualifier
- dose-dependent mannere2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“germinating pollen grains of Lilium davidii”
e2“exogenous purified CaM triggers a transient increase of [Ca2+]c and also remarkably activated the hyperpolarization-activated Ca2+ conductance on plasma membrane of pollen protoplasts in a dose-dependent manner”
Claim · model-written summary
EGTA or Ca2+ channel blockers inhibited the increase of [Ca2+]c and the activation of Ca2+ conductance induced by exogenous CaM in Lilium davidii pollen.
- Taxon
- Lilium davidiiLilium davidiie1
- Treatment
- EGTA or Ca2+ channel blockerse2
- Outcome
- the increase of [Ca2+]c and the activation of Ca2+ conductancee2
- Direction
- inhibitede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“germinating pollen grains of Lilium davidii”
e2“Both the increase of [Ca2+]c and the activation of Ca2+ conductance which were induced by exogenous CaM were inhibited by EGTA or Ca2+ channel blockers”