Abstract
Barley seed samples, obtained from five field locations where N and P fertilizers had been applied in a factorial design, were sorted into size categories. Sorted samples were planted in the greenhouse and in field plots to determine the effects of seed size and parental fertilization on plant growth and yield.N fertilizers significantly increased the proportion of large seeds produced at four of the five field locations. P fertilizers had little influence on seed size. Large seeds produced more vigorous seedlings, more healthy heads per unit area, fewer smutted heads and greater grain and straw yields than did small seeds. Laboratory analyses showed that large seeds contained 1.6–2.3 times as much total available carbohydrates and 1.6–1.9 times as much Kjeldahl-N as did small seeds. It is suggested that the superiority of the large seeds results from the greater amount of stored energy compounds, particularly the carbohydrates. Parental N and P fertilization had little, if any, direct influence on the growth of the subsequent generation if equal-sized seeds were sown. For a given seed size, there was no difference in the amount of total available carbohydrates in seeds from unfertilized or N- and P-fertilized parents. On the contrary, seeds from N-fertilized parents contained 1.1–1.3 times as much Kjeldahl-N as did those from parents receiving no N fertilizer.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Parental N fertilization significantly increased large-seed proportion at four of five sites.
- Taxon
- Barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaret0 - Treatment
- N fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- proportion of large seedse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- four of the five field locationse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“N fertilizers significantly increased the proportion of large seeds produced at four of the five field locations”
t0“BARLEY”
Claim · model-written summary
P fertilizer had little influence on seed size.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- P fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- seed sizee0
- Direction
- little influencee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P fertilizers had little influence on seed size”
t0“BARLEY”
Claim · model-written summary
Large barley seeds produced more vigorous seedlings and healthy heads than small seeds.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- Large seedse0
- Outcome
- more vigorous seedlings, more healthy heads per unit areae0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- small seedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Large seeds produced more vigorous seedlings, more healthy heads per unit area, fewer smutted heads and greater grain and straw yields than did small seeds”
t0“BARLEY”
Claim · model-written summary
Large barley seeds produced fewer smutted heads than small seeds.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- Large seedse0
- Outcome
- smutted headse0
- Direction
- fewere0
- Comparator
- small seedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Large seeds produced more vigorous seedlings, more healthy heads per unit area, fewer smutted heads and greater grain and straw yields than did small seeds”
t0“BARLEY”
Claim · model-written summary
Large barley seeds yielded more grain and straw than small seeds.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- Large seedse0
- Outcome
- grain and straw yieldse0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- small seedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Large seeds produced more vigorous seedlings, more healthy heads per unit area, fewer smutted heads and greater grain and straw yields than did small seeds”
t0“BARLEY”
Claim · model-written summary
Large seeds had 1.6–2.3 times the available carbohydrate of small seeds.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- large seedse0
- Outcome
- total available carbohydratese0
- Direction
- as muche0
- Value
- 1.6–2.3 timese0
- Comparator
- small seedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“large seeds contained 1.6–2.3 times as much total available carbohydrates and 1.6–1.9 times as much Kjeldahl-N as did small seeds”
t0“BARLEY”
Claim · model-written summary
Large seeds had 1.6–1.9 times the Kjeldahl-N of small seeds.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- large seedse0
- Outcome
- Kjeldahl-Ne0
- Direction
- as muche0
- Value
- 1.6–1.9 timese0
- Comparator
- small seedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“large seeds contained 1.6–2.3 times as much total available carbohydrates and 1.6–1.9 times as much Kjeldahl-N as did small seeds”
t0“BARLEY”
Claim · model-written summary
With equal-sized seeds, parental N and P fertilization had little direct effect on next-generation growth.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Parental N and P fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- growth of the subsequent generatione0
- Direction
- little, if anye0
- Qualifier
- if equal-sized seeds were sowne0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Parental N and P fertilization had little, if any, direct influence on the growth of the subsequent generation if equal-sized seeds were sown”
t0“BARLEY”
Claim · model-written summary
At a given seed size, parental fertilizer did not change available carbohydrate content.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- N- and P-fertilized parentse0
- Outcome
- total available carbohydratese0
- Direction
- no differencee0
- Qualifier
- For a given seed sizee0
- Comparator
- unfertilizede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For a given seed size, there was no difference in the amount of total available carbohydrates in seeds from unfertilized or N- and P-fertilized parents”
t0“BARLEY”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed from N-fertilized parents contained 1.1–1.3 times the Kjeldahl-N of unfertilized-parent seed.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- N-fertilized parentse0
- Outcome
- Kjeldahl-Ne0
- Direction
- as muche0
- Value
- 1.1–1.3 timese0
- Comparator
- parents receiving no N fertilizere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seeds from N-fertilized parents contained 1.1–1.3 times as much Kjeldahl-N as did those from parents receiving no N fertilizer”
t0“BARLEY”
The same questions in other papers
nitrogen · growth · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Results differ
43 papers in the same direction as this paper · 66 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
106 papers more in this group
See all 110 papers →phosphorus · quality: sugar starch · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- no effect
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →phosphorus · growth · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Positive and negative results
12 papers in the same direction as this paper · 31 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
40 papers more in this group
See all 44 papers →fertilization · growth · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Positive and negative results
26 papers in the same direction as this paper · 138 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
161 papers more in this group
See all 165 papers →fertilization · yield · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Positive and negative results
76 papers in the same direction as this paper · 473 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
546 papers more in this group
See all 550 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.