Abstract
The performances of Bt-corn hybrids against univoltine ecotype European corn borer larvae were evaluated in South Dakota from 1997 to 1999. The corn hybrids were exposed to natural seasonal fluctuations of a univoltine ecotype European corn borer population. Larval injury parameters, grain yields, and gross incomes were quantified during the 3-yr study. In general, the Bt-corn hybrids had significantly higher yields than the untreated non-Bt isolines in 1997 and 1998 when corn borer pressures were high. However, most of the Bt-corn hybrids did not produce significant yield advantages in 1999 when the European corn borer pressure was low. Some of the Bt-corn hybrids even produced significantly lower yields than their untreated non-Bt counterparts in 1999. The performances of non-Bt isolines that were treated with permethrin granules at whorl stage were similar to Bt-corn hybrids in 1998 when the corn borer pressure was high and similar to the untreated non-Bt isolines in 1999 when the corn borer pressure was low. Injury-free corn produced by Bt-corn hybrids did not necessarily translate into higher yields in some hybrid groups. Grain moisture at harvest, which can result in moisture penalty or dockage, was significantly higher in most Bt-corn hybrids. Gross incomes of the Bt-corn hybrids were generally higher than the untreated non-Bt isolines when the corn borer infestation was high, but were either similar to or lower than the untreated non-Bt isolines when the corn borer infestation was low.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Bt-corn hybrids had significantly higher yields than untreated non-Bt isolines in 1997 and 1998 under high corn borer pressure.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse0 - Treatment
- Bt-corn hybridse1
- Interactor
- corn borere1pest
- Outcome
- yieldse1
- Direction
- highere1
- Qualifier
- in 1997 and 1998 when corn borer pressures were highe1
- Comparator
- untreated non-Bt isolinese1
- Setting
- South Dakotae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The performances of Bt-corn hybrids against univoltine ecotype European corn borer larvae were evaluated in South Dakota from 1997 to 1999”
e1“In general, the Bt-corn hybrids had significantly higher yields than the untreated non-Bt isolines in 1997 and 1998 when corn borer pressures were high”
Claim · model-written summary
Most Bt-corn hybrids gave no significant yield advantage in 1999, when European corn borer pressure was low.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- Bt-corn hybridse2
- Interactor
- European corn borer
Ostrinia nubilalise2pest - Outcome
- yield advantagese2
- Direction
- did not produce significant yield advantagese2
- Qualifier
- in 1999 when the European corn borer pressure was lowe2
- Setting
- South Dakotae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The performances of Bt-corn hybrids against univoltine ecotype European corn borer larvae were evaluated in South Dakota from 1997 to 1999”
e2“However, most of the Bt-corn hybrids did not produce significant yield advantages in 1999 when the European corn borer pressure was low”
Claim · model-written summary
Some Bt-corn hybrids yielded significantly lower than their untreated non-Bt counterparts in 1999.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- Bt-corn hybridse3
- Outcome
- yieldse3
- Direction
- lowere3
- Qualifier
- in 1999e3
- Comparator
- untreated non-Bt counterpartse3
- Setting
- South Dakotae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The performances of Bt-corn hybrids against univoltine ecotype European corn borer larvae were evaluated in South Dakota from 1997 to 1999”
e3“Some of the Bt-corn hybrids even produced significantly lower yields than their untreated non-Bt counterparts in 1999”
Claim · model-written summary
Non-Bt isolines treated with permethrin granules at whorl stage performed similarly to Bt-corn hybrids in 1998, under high corn borer pressure.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- permethrin granules at whorl stagee4
- Interactor
- corn borere4pest
- Outcome
- performancese4
- Direction
- similare4
- Qualifier
- in 1998 when the corn borer pressure was highe4
- Comparator
- Bt-corn hybridse4
- Setting
- South Dakotae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The performances of Bt-corn hybrids against univoltine ecotype European corn borer larvae were evaluated in South Dakota from 1997 to 1999”
e4“The performances of non-Bt isolines that were treated with permethrin granules at whorl stage were similar to Bt-corn hybrids in 1998 when the corn borer pressure was high and similar to the untreated non-Bt isolines in 1999 when the corn borer pressure was low”
Claim · model-written summary
Non-Bt isolines treated with permethrin granules at whorl stage performed similarly to untreated non-Bt isolines in 1999, under low corn borer pressure.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- permethrin granules at whorl stagee4
- Interactor
- corn borere4pest
- Outcome
- performancese4
- Direction
- similare4
- Qualifier
- in 1999 when the corn borer pressure was lowe4
- Comparator
- untreated non-Bt isolinese4
- Setting
- South Dakotae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The performances of Bt-corn hybrids against univoltine ecotype European corn borer larvae were evaluated in South Dakota from 1997 to 1999”
e4“The performances of non-Bt isolines that were treated with permethrin granules at whorl stage were similar to Bt-corn hybrids in 1998 when the corn borer pressure was high and similar to the untreated non-Bt isolines in 1999 when the corn borer pressure was low”
Claim · model-written summary
Injury-free corn from Bt-corn hybrids did not necessarily translate into higher yields in some hybrid groups.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- Bt-corn hybridse5
- Outcome
- yieldse5
- Direction
- did not necessarily translate into highere5
- Qualifier
- in some hybrid groupse5
- Setting
- South Dakotae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The performances of Bt-corn hybrids against univoltine ecotype European corn borer larvae were evaluated in South Dakota from 1997 to 1999”
e5“Injury-free corn produced by Bt-corn hybrids did not necessarily translate into higher yields in some hybrid groups”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain moisture at harvest was significantly higher in most Bt-corn hybrids, which can cause moisture penalty or dockage.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- Bt-corn hybridse6
- Outcome
- Grain moisture at harveste6
- Direction
- highere6
- Qualifier
- can result in moisture penalty or dockagee6
- Setting
- South Dakotae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The performances of Bt-corn hybrids against univoltine ecotype European corn borer larvae were evaluated in South Dakota from 1997 to 1999”
e6“Grain moisture at harvest, which can result in moisture penalty or dockage, was significantly higher in most Bt-corn hybrids”
Claim · model-written summary
Gross incomes of Bt-corn hybrids were generally higher than untreated non-Bt isolines under high corn borer infestation.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- Bt-corn hybridse7
- Interactor
- corn borere7pest
- Outcome
- Gross incomese7
- Direction
- highere7
- Qualifier
- when the corn borer infestation was highe7
- Comparator
- untreated non-Bt isolinese7
- Setting
- South Dakotae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The performances of Bt-corn hybrids against univoltine ecotype European corn borer larvae were evaluated in South Dakota from 1997 to 1999”
e7“Gross incomes of the Bt-corn hybrids were generally higher than the untreated non-Bt isolines when the corn borer infestation was high, but were either similar to or lower than the untreated non-Bt isolines when the corn borer infestation was low”
Claim · model-written summary
Gross incomes of Bt-corn hybrids were similar to untreated non-Bt isolines under low corn borer infestation.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- Bt-corn hybridse7
- Interactor
- corn borere7pest
- Outcome
- Gross incomese7
- Direction
- similare7
- Qualifier
- when the corn borer infestation was lowe7
- Comparator
- untreated non-Bt isolinese7
- Setting
- South Dakotae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The performances of Bt-corn hybrids against univoltine ecotype European corn borer larvae were evaluated in South Dakota from 1997 to 1999”
e7“Gross incomes of the Bt-corn hybrids were generally higher than the untreated non-Bt isolines when the corn borer infestation was high, but were either similar to or lower than the untreated non-Bt isolines when the corn borer infestation was low”
Claim · model-written summary
Gross incomes of Bt-corn hybrids were lower than untreated non-Bt isolines under low corn borer infestation.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- Bt-corn hybridse7
- Interactor
- corn borere7pest
- Outcome
- Gross incomese7
- Direction
- lowere7
- Qualifier
- when the corn borer infestation was lowe7
- Comparator
- untreated non-Bt isolinese7
- Setting
- South Dakotae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The performances of Bt-corn hybrids against univoltine ecotype European corn borer larvae were evaluated in South Dakota from 1997 to 1999”
e7“Gross incomes of the Bt-corn hybrids were generally higher than the untreated non-Bt isolines when the corn borer infestation was high, but were either similar to or lower than the untreated non-Bt isolines when the corn borer infestation was low”
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