Paper · 1986 · Weed Science

Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) Control in Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

James L. Griffin

11
claims
14
verbatim quotes
21
citations
2
research areas
—
Not open access

Abstract

Ryegrass ( Lolium multiflorum Lam. # LOLMU) control in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) using chlorsulfuron {2-chloro- N -[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl) amino] carbonyl] benzenesulfonamide} at 35 g ai/ha was significantly higher when applied preemergence (pre) than early postemergence (poe) to ryegrass with two to four leaves and wheat with three to five tillers. Metribuzin [4-amino-6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3-(methylthio)-1,2,4-triazin-5(4 H )-one] applied at 420 g ai/ha early poe controlled more than 95% of the ryegrass, but control was unacceptable when the same rate was applied late poe when the ryegrass was at midtiller and wheat at full tiller. Wheat leaf burn, stunting, and stand reduction occurred where metribuzin was applied early poe but yields were not affected. Ryegrass control was excellent where diclofop {(±)-2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy] propanoic acid} was applied early poe at 560 g ai/ha. Wheat yields, averaged over years, for early poe applications of chlorsulfuron at 35 g/ha, metribuzin at 280 and 420 g/ha, and diclofop at 560 g/ha were 22, 22, 24, and 20% higher, respectively, than the untreated stands. Injury associated with the herbicide treatments was not observed on soybeans [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] planted following wheat.

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Claims 11

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Preemergence chlorsulfuron controlled ryegrass in wheat significantly better than early postemergence treatment.

Treatment
chlorsulfurone0
Interactor
RyegrassLoliume0weed
Outcome
Ryegrass ( Lolium multiflorum Lam. # LOLMU) controle0
Direction
highere0
Value
35 g ai/hae0
Comparator
early postemergencee0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Lolium
Lolium · Interactor · picture of the genus (one of its species)Forest & Kim Starr · CC BY 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) Control in Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–73 · show in text ↑
e0

“Ryegrass ( Lolium multiflorum Lam. # LOLMU) control in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) using chlorsulfuron {2-chloro- N -[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl) amino] carbonyl] benzenesulfonamide} at 35 g ai/ha was significantly higher when applied preemergence (pre) than early postemergence (poe)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–299 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Early postemergence metribuzin at 420 g ai/ha controlled more than 95% of ryegrass.

Treatment
Metribuzine0
Interactor
ryegrassLoliume0weed
Outcome
ryegrasse0
Direction
controllede0
Value
more than 95%e0

Not reportedTaxonComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Lolium
Lolium · Interactor · picture of the genus (one of its species)Forest & Kim Starr · CC BY 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Metribuzin [4-amino-6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3-(methylthio)-1,2,4-triazin-5(4 H )-one] applied at 420 g ai/ha early poe controlled more than 95% of the ryegrass”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 374–531 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Late postemergence metribuzin at the same rate gave unacceptable ryegrass control.

Treatment
same rate was applied late poee0
Interactor
ryegrassLoliume0weed
Outcome
controle0
Direction
unacceptablee0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Lolium
Lolium · Interactor · picture of the genus (one of its species)Forest & Kim Starr · CC BY 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 41–73 · show in text ↑
e0

“control was unacceptable when the same rate was applied late poe when the ryegrass was at midtiller and wheat at full tiller”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 537–661 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Early postemergence metribuzin produced wheat leaf burn, stunting and stand reduction.

Treatment
metribuzin was applied early poee0
Outcome
leaf burn, stunting, and stand reductione0

Not reportedComparatorDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Wheat leaf burn, stunting, and stand reduction occurred where metribuzin was applied early poe”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 663–757 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Metribuzin injury did not affect wheat yield.

Treatment
metribuzin was applied early poee0
Outcome
yieldse0
Direction
not affectede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Wheat leaf burn, stunting, and stand reduction occurred where metribuzin was applied early poe but yields were not affected”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 663–786 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Early postemergence diclofop at 560 g ai/ha gave excellent ryegrass control.

Treatment
diclofope0
Interactor
RyegrassLoliume0weed
Outcome
Ryegrass controle0
Direction
excellente0
Value
560 g ai/hae0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Lolium
Lolium · Interactor · picture of the genus (one of its species)Forest & Kim Starr · CC BY 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 41–73 · show in text ↑
e0

“Ryegrass control was excellent where diclofop {(±)-2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy] propanoic acid} was applied early poe at 560 g ai/ha”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 788–926 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

chlorsulfuron at 35 g/ha early postemergence increased wheat yield by 22% against untreated stands.

Treatment
chlorsulfuron at 35 g/hae0
Outcome
Wheat yieldse0
Direction
highere0
Value
22e0
Qualifier
early poee0
Comparator
untreated standse0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Wheat yields, averaged over years, for early poe applications of chlorsulfuron at 35 g/ha, metribuzin at 280 and 420 g/ha, and diclofop at 560 g/ha were 22, 22, 24, and 20% higher, respectively, than the untreated stands”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 928–1148 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

metribuzin at 280 early postemergence increased wheat yield by 22% against untreated stands.

Treatment
metribuzin at 280e0
Outcome
Wheat yieldse0
Direction
highere0
Value
22e0
Qualifier
early poee0
Comparator
untreated standse0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Wheat yields, averaged over years, for early poe applications of chlorsulfuron at 35 g/ha, metribuzin at 280 and 420 g/ha, and diclofop at 560 g/ha were 22, 22, 24, and 20% higher, respectively, than the untreated stands”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 928–1148 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

metribuzin early postemergence increased wheat yield by 24% against untreated stands.

Treatment
metribuzine0
Outcome
Wheat yieldse0
Direction
highere0
Value
24e0
Qualifier
early poee0
Comparator
untreated standse0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Wheat yields, averaged over years, for early poe applications of chlorsulfuron at 35 g/ha, metribuzin at 280 and 420 g/ha, and diclofop at 560 g/ha were 22, 22, 24, and 20% higher, respectively, than the untreated stands”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 928–1148 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

diclofop at 560 g/ha early postemergence increased wheat yield by 20%% against untreated stands.

Treatment
diclofop at 560 g/hae0
Outcome
Wheat yieldse0
Direction
highere0
Value
20%e0
Qualifier
early poee0
Comparator
untreated standse0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Wheat yields, averaged over years, for early poe applications of chlorsulfuron at 35 g/ha, metribuzin at 280 and 420 g/ha, and diclofop at 560 g/ha were 22, 22, 24, and 20% higher, respectively, than the untreated stands”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 928–1148 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Herbicide treatment of preceding wheat produced no observed injury to following soybeans.

Taxon
soybeansGlycine maxe0
Treatment
herbicide treatmentse0
Outcome
Injurye0
Direction
not observede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Glycine max
Glycine max · TaxonPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Injury associated with the herbicide treatments was not observed on soybeans [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] planted following wheat”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1150–1276 · show in text ↑

diclofop · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ

8 papers: 6 positive, 2 negative or no effect

5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. negative
  3. negative

4 papers more in this group

See all 8 papers →

chlorsulfuron · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ

31 papers: 12 positive, 19 negative or no effect

11 papers in the same direction as this paper · 16 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. negative
  2. positive
  3. positive

27 papers more in this group

See all 31 papers →

metribuzin · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ

75 papers: 45 positive, 30 negative or no effect

44 papers in the same direction as this paper · 27 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. negative
  2. positive
  3. positive

71 papers more in this group

See all 75 papers →

metribuzin · crop injury · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results

19 papers: 4 positive, 15 negative or no effect

14 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. negative
  3. negative

15 papers more in this group

See all 19 papers →

diclofop · Lolium · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree

2 papers: 2 positive, 0 negative or no effect

1 paper in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
See all 2 papers →

herbicide · crop injury · Glycine max (soybean)Results differ

72 papers: 24 positive, 48 negative or no effect

23 papers in the same direction as this paper · 47 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. negative
  2. negative
  3. negative

68 papers more in this group

See all 72 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.