Paper · 1994 · Weed Technology

Net Returns from Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) Control in Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Greg G. Justice; Thomas F. Peeper; John B. Solie; et al.

5
claims
12
verbatim quotes
30
citations
2
research areas
—
Not open access

Abstract

In field experiments at three locations, wheat row spacing, seeding rate, and herbicide treatment affected Italian ryegrass control, wheat yield, dockage in the grain, and net returns. Diclofop at 560 or 840 g ai/ha controlled Italian ryegrass better than chlorsulfuron at 18 or 26 g ai/ha. Net returns were increased at all locations by diclofop POST at either rate and at two locations by chlorsulfuron PRE at either rate. Although increasing the wheat seeding rate reduced dockage at two of three locations, net returns were maximized by herbicide application alone without increased seeding rates or reduced row spacing.

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The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.

Claims 5

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Diclofop at 560 or 840 g ai/ha controlled Italian ryegrass better than chlorsulfuron at 18 or 26 g ai/ha in field experiments at three locations.

Taxon
Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivumt0
Treatment
Diclofop at 560 or 840 g ai/hae1
Interactor
Italian ryegrassLolium multiflorume1weed
Outcome
controlled Italian ryegrasse1
Direction
bettere1
Comparator
chlorsulfuron at 18 or 26 g ai/hae1
Setting
field experiments at three locationse0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Lolium multiflorum
Lolium multiflorum · InteractorKristian Peters -- Fabelfroh 09:38, 2 January 2007 (UTC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 66–98 · show in text ↑
e0

“In field experiments at three locations”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–39 · show in text ↑
e1

“Diclofop at 560 or 840 g ai/ha controlled Italian ryegrass better than chlorsulfuron at 18 or 26 g ai/ha”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 185–289 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Diclofop POST at either rate increased net returns at all locations.

Taxon
Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivumt0
Treatment
diclofop POST at either ratee2
Outcome
Net returnse2
Direction
increasede2
Setting
at all locationse2

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 66–98 · show in text ↑
e2

“Net returns were increased at all locations by diclofop POST at either rate”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 291–366 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Chlorsulfuron PRE at either rate increased net returns at two locations.

Taxon
Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivumt0
Treatment
chlorsulfuron PRE at either ratee3
Outcome
Net returnse2
Direction
increasede2
Setting
at two locationse3

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 66–98 · show in text ↑
e2

“Net returns were increased at all locations by diclofop POST at either rate”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 291–366 · show in text ↑
e3

“at two locations by chlorsulfuron PRE at either rate”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 371–423 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Increasing the wheat seeding rate reduced dockage at two of three locations.

Taxon
Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivumt0
Treatment
increasing the wheat seeding ratee4
Outcome
dockagee4
Direction
reducede4
Setting
at two of three locationse4

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 66–98 · show in text ↑
e4

“Although increasing the wheat seeding rate reduced dockage at two of three locations”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 425–509 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Herbicide application alone maximized net returns without increased seeding rates or reduced row spacing.

Taxon
Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivumt0
Treatment
herbicide application alonee5
Outcome
net returnse5
Direction
maximizede5
Comparator
increased seeding rates or reduced row spacinge5

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 66–98 · show in text ↑
e5

“net returns were maximized by herbicide application alone without increased seeding rates or reduced row spacing”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 511–623 · show in text ↑

diclofop · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ

8 papers: 6 positive, 2 negative or no effect

5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. negative
  3. negative

4 papers more in this group

See all 8 papers →

chlorsulfuron · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ

31 papers: 12 positive, 19 negative or no effect

11 papers in the same direction as this paper · 16 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. negative
  2. no effect
  3. positive

27 papers more in this group

See all 31 papers →

diclofop · Lolium multiflorum · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results

5 papers: 4 positive, 1 negative or no effect

3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction

  1. no effect
  2. positive
  3. positive

1 paper more in this group

See all 5 papers →

herbicide · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results

563 papers: 466 positive, 97 negative or no effect

465 papers in the same direction as this paper · 87 in the opposite direction · 10 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. negative
  2. no effect
  3. negative

559 papers more in this group

See all 563 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.