Abstract
Root traits and growth of spreading orach and common lambsquarters were compared in response to soil compaction, drought, and waterlogging under controlled environment conditions. On the basis of the typical habitats occupied, the hypothesis was that spreading orach would be more tolerant of compaction and waterlogging and common lambsquarters more tolerant of drought. When grown in buckets with two soil bulk densities (1.2 and 1.6 g cm−3) for 8 wk, the two species responded similarly to compaction, with the fraction of fine roots reduced by 10%, total root length by 70%, root and shoot dry weight and leaf area by 50 to 60%, and plant height by 30% at the high compared with the low bulk density. When grown for 6 wk in soil columns 1 m long, which were watered daily or allowed to dry, common lambsquarters was deeper rooted than spreading orach at both moisture levels and better able to sustain growth in the drying columns. The watering regime did not alter the rooting depth of either species. Total root length in successive 10-cm increments declined exponentially from the top to the bottom of the watered columns, but root proliferation was reduced in the upper 20 cm of the drying columns. The average root diameter of both species decreased with drought and increased with soil compaction. When grown in waterlogged soil at 10 or 20 C for 4 wk, seedlings of spreading orach survived with little reduction in growth, whereas survival and growth of common lambsquarters were drastically reduced, particularly under cool soil conditions.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
High soil bulk density reduced the fine-root fraction by 10% in both species.
Verbatim
t0“spreading orach (Atriplex patula) and common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album)”
e0“the two species responded similarly to compaction, with the fraction of fine roots reduced by 10%”
Claim · model-written summary
High soil bulk density reduced total root length by 70% in both species.
Verbatim
t0“spreading orach (Atriplex patula) and common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album)”
e0“total root length by 70%, root and shoot dry weight and leaf area by 50 to 60%, and plant height by 30% at the high compared with the low bulk density”
Claim · model-written summary
High bulk density reduced root dry weight by 50 to 60% in both species.
Verbatim
t0“spreading orach (Atriplex patula) and common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album)”
e0“root and shoot dry weight and leaf area by 50 to 60%, and plant height by 30% at the high compared with the low bulk density”
Claim · model-written summary
High bulk density reduced shoot dry weight by 50 to 60% in both species.
- Taxon
- common lambsquarters
Chenopodium albumt0 - Treatment
- highe0
- Outcome
- shoot dry weighte0
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede0
- Value
- 50 to 60%e0
- Comparator
- low bulk densitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“spreading orach (Atriplex patula) and common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album)”
e0“root and shoot dry weight and leaf area by 50 to 60%, and plant height by 30% at the high compared with the low bulk density”
Claim · model-written summary
High bulk density reduced leaf area by 50 to 60% in both species.
Verbatim
t0“spreading orach (Atriplex patula) and common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album)”
e0“root and shoot dry weight and leaf area by 50 to 60%, and plant height by 30% at the high compared with the low bulk density”
Claim · model-written summary
High bulk density reduced plant height by 30% in both species.
Verbatim
t0“spreading orach (Atriplex patula) and common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album)”
e0“plant height by 30% at the high compared with the low bulk density”
Claim · model-written summary
Common lambsquarters rooted deeper than spreading orach at both moisture levels.
- Taxon
- common lambsquartersChenopodium albume0
- Outcome
- rootede0
- Direction
- deeper rootede0
- Qualifier
- at both moisture levelse0
- Comparator
- spreading orache0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“common lambsquarters was deeper rooted than spreading orach at both moisture levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Common lambsquarters sustained growth better than spreading orach in drying columns.
- Taxon
- common lambsquartersChenopodium albume0
- Outcome
- sustain growthe0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- spreading orache0
- Setting
- drying columnse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“common lambsquarters was deeper rooted than spreading orach at both moisture levels and better able to sustain growth in the drying columns”
Claim · model-written summary
Watering regime did not alter rooting depth in either species.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“spreading orach (Atriplex patula) and common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album)”
e0“The watering regime did not alter the rooting depth of either species”
Claim · model-written summary
Root length declined exponentially down the watered columns.
Verbatim
t0“spreading orach (Atriplex patula) and common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album)”
e0“Total root length in successive 10-cm increments declined exponentially from the top to the bottom of the watered columns”
Claim · model-written summary
Drying reduced root proliferation in the upper 20 cm.
- Taxon
- spreading oracht0
- Treatment
- drying columnse0
- Outcome
- root proliferatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- upper 20 cme0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“spreading orach (Atriplex patula) and common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album)”
e0“root proliferation was reduced in the upper 20 cm of the drying columns”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought decreased average root diameter in both species.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“spreading orach (Atriplex patula) and common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album)”
e0“The average root diameter of both species decreased with drought and increased with soil compaction”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil compaction increased average root diameter in both species.
- Taxon
- common lambsquartersChenopodium albumt0
- Treatment
- soil compactione0
- Outcome
- average root diametere0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“spreading orach (Atriplex patula) and common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album)”
e0“The average root diameter of both species decreased with drought and increased with soil compaction”
Claim · model-written summary
Spreading orach seedlings survived waterlogging with little growth reduction.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“seedlings of spreading orach survived with little reduction in growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Waterlogging drastically reduced common lambsquarters survival, especially in cool soil.
- Taxon
- common lambsquartersChenopodium albume0
- Treatment
- cool soil conditionse0
- Outcome
- survivale0
- Direction
- drastically reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“survival and growth of common lambsquarters were drastically reduced, particularly under cool soil conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Waterlogging drastically reduced common lambsquarters growth, especially in cool soil.
- Taxon
- common lambsquartersChenopodium albume0
- Treatment
- cool soil conditionse0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- drastically reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“survival and growth of common lambsquarters were drastically reduced, particularly under cool soil conditions”
The same questions in other papers
soil · growth · Chenopodium album (common lambsquarters)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.