Abstract
Lipoxygenases (LOXs) play important role in the synthesis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which influence the aroma of fruit. In this study, we elucidate that there is a positive relationship between LOXs activity and VOC production in melon (Cucumis melo), and CmLOX genes are involved in fruit aroma generation in melon. To this end, we tested four aroma types of melon that feature a thin pericarp: two aromatic cultivars of the oriental melons (C. melo var. makuwa Makino), 'Yu Meiren' (YMR) and 'Cui Bao' (CB); a non-aromatic oriental pickling melon (C. melo var. conomon), 'Shao Gua' (SHAO); and a non-aromatic snake melon (C. melo L. var. flexuosus Naud), 'Cai Gua' (CAI). A principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the aromas of SHAO and CAI are similar in nature because their ester contents are lower than those of YMR and CB. Ethyl acetate, benzyl acetate, (E, Z)-2, 6-nonadienal and menthol are four principal volatile compounds that affect the aromatic characteristics of these four types of melons. The LOX activity and total ester content in YMR were the highest among the examined melon varieties. The expression patterns of 18 CmLOX genes were found to vary based on the aromatic nature of the melon. Four of them were highly expressed in YMR. Moreover, we treated the fruit disks of YMR with LOX substrates (linoleic acid and linolenic acid) and LOX inhibitors (n-propyl gallate and nordihydroguariaretic acid). Substrate application promoted LOX activity and induced accumulation of hexanal, (2E)-nonenal and straight-chain esters, such as ethyl acetate. In contrast, LOX inhibitors decreased the levels of these compounds. The effect of CmLOXs in the biosynthesis of esters in melons are discussed.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
LOX activity was positively related to melon volatile production.
- Taxon
- melon
.jpg?width=60)
Cucumis meloe0 - Gene
- LOXse0
- Outcome
- VOC productione0
- Direction
- positivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“a positive relationship between LOXs activity and VOC production in melon (Cucumis melo)”
Claim · model-written summary
SHAO and CAI had similar aromas and lower ester contents than YMR and CB.
- Taxon
- MelonCucumis melot0
- Material
- SHAO and CAIe0
- Outcome
- ester contentse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- YMR and CBe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the aromas of SHAO and CAI are similar in nature because their ester contents are lower than those of YMR and CB”
t0“Melon”
Claim · model-written summary
Four principal volatiles affected aromatic characteristics.
- Taxon
- melonsCucumis meloe0
- Outcome
- principal volatile compoundse0
- Value
- foure0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ethyl acetate, benzyl acetate, (E, Z)-2, 6-nonadienal and menthol are four principal volatile compounds that affect the aromatic characteristics of these four types of melons”
Claim · model-written summary
YMR had the highest LOX activity.
- Taxon
- MelonCucumis melot0
- Material
- YMRe0
- Outcome
- LOX activitye0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The LOX activity and total ester content in YMR were the highest among the examined melon varieties”
t0“Melon”
Claim · model-written summary
YMR had the highest total ester content.
- Taxon
- MelonCucumis melot0
- Material
- YMRe0
- Outcome
- total ester contente0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The LOX activity and total ester content in YMR were the highest among the examined melon varieties”
t0“Melon”
Claim · model-written summary
Expression of 18 CmLOX genes varied with melon aroma type.
- Taxon
- melonCucumis meloe0
- Gene
- CmLOXe0
- Outcome
- expression patternse0
- Value
- 18e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The expression patterns of 18 CmLOX genes were found to vary based on the aromatic nature of the melon”
Claim · model-written summary
Four CmLOX genes were highly expressed in YMR.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Four of them were highly expressed in YMR”
t0“CmLOXs”
t1“Melon”
Claim · model-written summary
LOX substrate application promoted LOX activity.
- Taxon
- MelonCucumis melot0
- Treatment
- Substrate applicatione0
- Outcome
- LOX activitye0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Substrate application promoted LOX activity”
t0“Melon”
Claim · model-written summary
LOX substrate application induced accumulation of hexanal, (2E)-nonenal, and straight-chain esters.
- Taxon
- MelonCucumis melot0
- Treatment
- Substrate applicatione0
- Outcome
- accumulation of hexanal, (2E)-nonenal and straight-chain esterse0
- Direction
- induced accumulatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Substrate application promoted LOX activity and induced accumulation of hexanal, (2E)-nonenal and straight-chain esters, such as ethyl acetate”
t0“Melon”
Claim · model-written summary
LOX inhibitors decreased levels of these volatile compounds.
- Taxon
- MelonCucumis melot0
- Treatment
- LOX inhibitorse0
- Outcome
- levels of these compoundse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“LOX inhibitors decreased the levels of these compounds”
t0“Melon”
The same questions in other papers
growing medium · molecular: metabolites · Cucumis melo (muskmelon)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.