Abstract
Field experiments were conducted in 2000 and 2001 in Virginia to evaluate the incidence and severity of maize chlorotic dwarf virus and maize dwarf mosaic virus in response to postemergence (POST) johnsongrass control in two corn hybrids. Previous research demonstrated the increased disease severity in virus-susceptible corn hybrids as an indirect effect of POST johnsongrass control. The increased disease severity resulted from greater transmission by insect vectors, which moved from dying johnsongrass to the crop. Recent observations have indicated a lack of virus tolerance in glyphosate-tolerant corn hybrids commercially available in Virginia. A transgenic glyphosate-tolerant hybrid and a nontransgenic virus-tolerant hybrid, similar in growth characteristics and maturity, were subjected to POST treatments of nicosulfuron, whereas the glyphosate-tolerant hybrid was also treated with glyphosate. Both nicosulfuron and glyphosate, broadcast or directed, provided essentially complete johnsongrass control, although initial johnsongrass control was greater with glyphosate treatments. Little or no disease incidence occurred in the virus-tolerant hybrid. With the virus-susceptible hybrid, significant increases in disease incidence were observed in response to any herbicide treatment applied to johnsongrass-containing plots relative to the same treatment applied to weed-free plots. Johnsongrass control with nicosulfuron or glyphosate caused similar disease incidence and severity in this hybrid, regardless of application method. Results of these experiments indicated that growers' choice of hybrid genetics should focus primarily on disease resistance rather than on herbicide resistance in fields that are infested with johnsongrass.Nomenclature: Glyphosate; nicosulfuron; johnsongrass, Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. #3 SORHA; corn, Zea mays (L). ZEAMX.Abbreviations: DAT, days after treatment; MCD, maize chlorotic dwarf; MDM, maize dwarf mosaic; MCDV, maize chlorotic dwarf virus; MDMV, maize dwarf mosaic virus; POST, postemergence; SS, Southern States; WAT, weeks after treatment; WF, weed-free.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Nicosulfuron gave essentially complete johnsongrass control.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayst0 - Treatment
- nicosulfurone0
- Interactor
- johnsongrass
.jpg?width=60)
Sorghum halepensee0weed - Outcome
- johnsongrass controle0
- Direction
- essentially completee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Both nicosulfuron and glyphosate, broadcast or directed, provided essentially complete johnsongrass control, although initial johnsongrass control was greater with glyphosate treatments.”
t0“corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate gave essentially complete johnsongrass control.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- glyphosatee0
- Interactor
- johnsongrassSorghum halepensee0weed
- Outcome
- johnsongrass controle0
- Direction
- essentially completee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both nicosulfuron and glyphosate, broadcast or directed, provided essentially complete johnsongrass control, although initial johnsongrass control was greater with glyphosate treatments.”
t0“corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Initial johnsongrass control was greater with glyphosate than nicosulfuron.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- glyphosate treatmentse0
- Interactor
- johnsongrassSorghum halepensee0weed
- Outcome
- initial johnsongrass controle0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- nicosulfurone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both nicosulfuron and glyphosate, broadcast or directed, provided essentially complete johnsongrass control, although initial johnsongrass control was greater with glyphosate treatments.”
t0“corn”
Claim · model-written summary
The virus-tolerant hybrid had little or no disease incidence.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Material
- virus-tolerant hybride0
- Outcome
- disease incidencee0
- Direction
- Little or noe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Little or no disease incidence occurred in the virus-tolerant hybrid.”
t0“corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide-treated johnsongrass-containing plots had significantly more disease incidence than weed-free plots in the susceptible hybrid.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Material
- virus-susceptible hybride0
- Treatment
- any herbicide treatment applied to johnsongrass-containing plotse0
- Interactor
- johnsongrassSorghum halepensee0weed
- Outcome
- disease incidencee0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Comparator
- same treatment applied to weed-free plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With the virus-susceptible hybrid, significant increases in disease incidence were observed in response to any herbicide treatment applied to johnsongrass-containing plots relative to the same treatment applied to weed-free plots.”
t0“corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Nicosulfuron and glyphosate johnsongrass control caused similar disease incidence in the susceptible hybrid.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- nicosulfurone0
- Interactor
- JohnsongrassSorghum halepensee0weed
- Outcome
- disease incidencee0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- glyphosatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Johnsongrass control with nicosulfuron or glyphosate caused similar disease incidence and severity in this hybrid, regardless of application method.”
t0“corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Nicosulfuron and glyphosate johnsongrass control caused similar disease severity in the susceptible hybrid.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- nicosulfurone0
- Interactor
- JohnsongrassSorghum halepensee0weed
- Outcome
- severitye0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- glyphosatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Johnsongrass control with nicosulfuron or glyphosate caused similar disease incidence and severity in this hybrid, regardless of application method.”
t0“corn”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend prioritizing disease resistance when choosing corn hybrids for johnsongrass-infested fields.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Interactor
- johnsongrassSorghum halepensee0weed
- Outcome
- disease resistance rather than on herbicide resistancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growers' choice of hybrid genetics should focus primarily on disease resistance rather than on herbicide resistance in fields that are infested with johnsongrass”
t0“corn”
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