Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide induced by the fungicide prothioconazole triggers deoxynivalenol (DON) production by Fusarium graminearum Fusarium head blight is a very important disease of small grain cereals with F. graminearum as one of the most important causal agents. It not only causes reduction in yield and quality but from a human and animal healthcare point of view, it produces mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol (DON) which can accumulate to toxic levels. Little is known about external triggers influencing DON production. In the present work, a combined in vivo/in vitro approach was used to test the effect of sub lethal fungicide treatments on DON production. Using a dilution series of prothioconazole, azoxystrobin and prothioconazole + fluoxastrobin, we demonstrated that sub lethal doses of prothioconazole coincide with an increase in DON production 48 h after fungicide treatment. In an artificial infection trial using wheat plants, the in vitro results of increased DON levels upon sub lethal prothioconazole application were confirmed illustrating the significance of these results from a practical point of view. In addition, further in vitro experiments revealed a timely hyperinduction of H 2 O 2 production as fast as 4h after amending cultures with prothioconazole. When applying H 2 O 2 directly to germinating conidia, a similar induction of DON-production by F. graminearum was observed. The effect of sub lethal prothioconazole concentrations on DON production completely disappeared when applying catalase together with the fungicide. These cumulative results suggest that H 2 O 2 induced by sub lethal doses of the triazole fungicide prothioconazole acts as a trigger of DON biosynthesis. In a broader framework, this work clearly shows that DON production by the plant pathogen F. graminearum is the result of the interaction of fungal genomics and external environmental triggers.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Sublethal prothioconazole increased DON production after 48 hours.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- sub lethal doses of prothioconazolee0
- Interactor
- F. graminearum
_on_Corn_(Zea_mays)_at_Waimea%2C_Hawaii.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium graminearume1pathogene0 - Outcome
- DON productione0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- 48 h after fungicide treatmente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_on_Corn_(Zea_mays)_at_Waimea%2C_Hawaii.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“sub lethal doses of prothioconazole coincide with an increase in DON production 48 h after fungicide treatment”
t0“artificial infection trial using wheat plants”
e1“When applying H 2 O 2 directly to germinating conidia, a similar induction of DON-production by F. graminearum was observed”
Claim · model-written summary
Artificial infection of wheat confirmed increased DON after sublethal prothioconazole.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- sub lethal prothioconazole applicatione0
- Interactor
- F. graminearumFusarium graminearume1pathogene0
- Outcome
- DON levelse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In an artificial infection trial using wheat plants, the in vitro results of increased DON levels upon sub lethal prothioconazole application were confirmed”
e1“When applying H 2 O 2 directly to germinating conidia, a similar induction of DON-production by F. graminearum was observed”
Claim · model-written summary
Prothioconazole rapidly hyperinduced H 2 O 2 production in vitro.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- prothioconazolee0
- Interactor
- F. graminearumFusarium graminearume1pathogene0
- Outcome
- H 2 O 2 productione0
- Direction
- hyperinductione0
- Qualifier
- as fast as 4he0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“further in vitro experiments revealed a timely hyperinduction of H 2 O 2 production as fast as 4h after amending cultures with prothioconazole”
t0“artificial infection trial using wheat plants”
e1“When applying H 2 O 2 directly to germinating conidia, a similar induction of DON-production by F. graminearum was observed”
Claim · model-written summary
Direct H 2 O 2 application induced DON production by F. graminearum.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- H 2 O 2e0
- Interactor
- F. graminearumFusarium graminearume0pathogen
- Outcome
- DON-production by F. graminearume0
- Direction
- inductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When applying H 2 O 2 directly to germinating conidia, a similar induction of DON-production by F. graminearum was observed”
t0“artificial infection trial using wheat plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Catalase abolished the sublethal prothioconazole effect on DON production.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- catalase together with the fungicidee0
- Interactor
- F. graminearumFusarium graminearume1pathogene0
- Outcome
- DON productione0
- Direction
- completely disappearede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effect of sub lethal prothioconazole concentrations on DON production completely disappeared when applying catalase together with the fungicide”
t0“artificial infection trial using wheat plants”
e1“When applying H 2 O 2 directly to germinating conidia, a similar induction of DON-production by F. graminearum was observed”
The same questions in other papers
prothioconazole · Fusarium graminearum · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →fungicide · Fusarium graminearum · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
13 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
11 papers more in this group
See all 15 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.