Abstract
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the ability of four microorganisms to reduce disease infection of root lesion nematode ( Pratylenchus spp.) and Fusarium spp. the causal agent of wilt/root-rot disease complex in chickpea. Design/methodology/approach – A pot experiment was conducted for three consecutive winter seasons. A completely randomized design with five replicates was adopted. Two Bacillus isolates and Trichoderma harzianum and T . viride and their combinations were applied in infected soil. The effect on plant growth parameters, disease incidence and severity, root necrosis, weight of shoot and root, nematode population density and reproductive index were assessed. Findings – The applications significantly ( p =0.05) reduced the wilt/root-rot diseases complex. The reduction was attributed to the decline of the population density of nematodes in soil and root, and the suppression of the disease complex compared to controls, represented by reproductive index and the disease intensity index. Combinations were better than individual inoculation. The use of Bacillus isolate B3 and T. harzianum increased the number of flowers by 88.34 per cent. Reduction in the severity of root necrosis was in the range of 2.22-5.55 within a scale of 1-10. These findings indicate the significance of utilizing local bioagents for control of wilt/root-rot disease complex in chickpea plants. Originality/value – The microorganisms used in this study are indigenous.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Bioagent applications significantly reduced wilt and root rot disease complex.
- Taxon
- chickpea
Cicer arietinumt0 - Treatment
- Bacillus isolates and Trichoderma spp.t0
- Interactor
- Bacillus isolates and Trichoderma spp.t0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- wilt/root-rot diseases complexe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The applications significantly ( p =0.05) reduced the wilt/root-rot diseases complex.”
t0“Efficacy of the bioagents Bacillus isolates and Trichoderma spp. in the control of wilt/root-rot disease in chickpea”
t1“The applications significantly ( p =0.05) reduced the wilt/root-rot diseases complex.”
Claim · model-written summary
Bioagent applications reduced nematode density in soil and roots.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- Bacillus isolates and Trichoderma spp.e1
- Outcome
- population density of nematodes in soil and roote0
- Direction
- declinee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The reduction was attributed to the decline of the population density of nematodes in soil and root”
t0“chickpea”
t1“The reduction was attributed to the decline of the population density of nematodes in soil and root”
e1“Efficacy of the bioagents Bacillus isolates and Trichoderma spp. in the control of wilt/root-rot disease in chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Bioagent combinations outperformed individual inoculations.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- Combinationse0
- Outcome
- bettere0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- individual inoculatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combinations were better than individual inoculation.”
t0“chickpea”
t1“Combinations were better than individual inoculation.”
e1“Efficacy of the bioagents Bacillus isolates and Trichoderma spp. in the control of wilt/root-rot disease in chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus B3 with T. harzianum increased flower number by 88.34 per cent.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- Bacillus isolate B3 and T. harzianume0
- Interactor
- T. harzianum
Trichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent - Second interactor
- Bacillus isolate B3e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- number of flowerse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 88.34 per cente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The use of Bacillus isolate B3 and T. harzianum increased the number of flowers by 88.34 per cent.”
t0“chickpea”
t1“The use of Bacillus isolate B3 and T. harzianum increased the number of flowers by 88.34 per cent.”
e1“Efficacy of the bioagents Bacillus isolates and Trichoderma spp. in the control of wilt/root-rot disease in chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Root necrosis severity was reduced within the reported range.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- bioagents Bacillus isolates and Trichoderma spp.t0
- Outcome
- severity of root necrosise0
- Direction
- Reductione0
- Value
- 2.22-5.55e0
- Qualifier
- scale of 1-10e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reduction in the severity of root necrosis was in the range of 2.22-5.55 within a scale of 1-10.”
t0“Efficacy of the bioagents Bacillus isolates and Trichoderma spp. in the control of wilt/root-rot disease in chickpea”
t1“Reduction in the severity of root necrosis was in the range of 2.22-5.55 within a scale of 1-10.”
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