Abstract
A field experiment was conducted in Cullman, AL, to evaluate the effects of three different rollers/crimpers on the termination of a rye ( Secale cereale L) winter cover crop, soil moisture, and yield of sweet corn ( Zea mays saccharata L.) in a no-till system. The following roller types were tested: a straight bar roller, a smooth roller with crimper, and a two-stage roller. These rollers were tested at operating speeds of 3.2 km·h −1 and 6.4 km·h −1 . The three rollers/crimpers were compared with a smooth drum roller (no crimping bars) plus glyphosate applied at rate 1.0 kg·ha −1 used as a control. Rye termination dates were selected to be 3 weeks before the recommended sweet corn planting date, which is in the beginning of May for this region. Data indicate that at 3 weeks after rolling for all seasons (2006–2008), 100% rye termination was reached with the smooth drum roller and glyphosate. Two weeks after rolling, average rye termination rates by rollers/crimpers alone were 54.6%, 30.0%, and 50.4% in 2006, 2007, and 2008, respectively. Three weeks after rolling, rye termination rates increased only by ≈10% compared with 2 weeks after rolling. These termination levels were below the recommended rate of 90% termination necessary for planting a cash crop into the cover residue. Lower rye termination was probably caused by rolling the rye in an early growth stage (flowering stage). The rollers’ operating speed did not influence rye termination rates. Similarly, roller type did not affect soil moisture during the first and second week after rolling. Applying glyphosate with rolling did not increase yield of sweet corn in any of the three growing seasons, and in 2006, sweet corn yield was lower compared with the roller alone treatments. These results are important to vegetable organic systems, in which use of herbicides is not allowed. No significant difference in sweet corn yield was found between operating speeds of 3.2 km·h −1 vs. 6.4 km·h −1 and between the assigned treatments in all growing seasons. However, significant differences in sweet corn yield were detected between the years, most likely as a result of different weather patterns. The lowest sweet corn yield of 3513 kg·ha −1 was reported in 2007 as a result of severe drought in spring and summer of 2007. The highest yield of 15,613 kg·ha −1 was recorded in 2006. In 2008, the yield was 10,158 kg·ha −1 . Although the different roller designs were not as effective in ending the rye cover crop compared with the glyphosate treatment, sweet corn yields were unaffected. Multiple rolling operations over the same area could be useful if greater rye termination levels are required without the use of a herbicide, but this recommendation should be tested experimentally in more detail.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Smooth drum rolling with glyphosate achieved complete rye termination after three weeks.
- Taxon
- rye
Secale cerealee1 - Treatment
- smooth drum roller and glyphosatee0
- Outcome
- rye terminatione0
- Direction
- reachede0
- Value
- 100%e0
- Qualifier
- 3 weeks after rolling for all seasons (2006–2008)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at 3 weeks after rolling for all seasons (2006–2008), 100% rye termination was reached with the smooth drum roller and glyphosate”
e1“rye ( Secale cereale L) winter cover crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Rollers alone terminated 54.6% of rye after two weeks in 2006.
- Taxon
- ryeSecale cerealee1
- Treatment
- rollers/crimpers alonee0
- Outcome
- rye termination ratese0
- Value
- 54.6%e0
- Qualifier
- 2006e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Two weeks after rolling, average rye termination rates by rollers/crimpers alone were 54.6%, 30.0%, and 50.4% in 2006, 2007, and 2008, respectively”
e1“rye ( Secale cereale L) winter cover crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Rollers alone terminated 30.0% of rye after two weeks in 2007.
- Taxon
- ryeSecale cerealee1
- Treatment
- rollers/crimpers alonee0
- Outcome
- rye termination ratese0
- Value
- 30.0%e0
- Qualifier
- 2007e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Two weeks after rolling, average rye termination rates by rollers/crimpers alone were 54.6%, 30.0%, and 50.4% in 2006, 2007, and 2008, respectively”
e1“rye ( Secale cereale L) winter cover crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Rollers alone terminated 50.4% of rye after two weeks in 2008.
- Taxon
- ryeSecale cerealee1
- Treatment
- rollers/crimpers alonee0
- Outcome
- rye termination ratese0
- Value
- 50.4%e0
- Qualifier
- 2008e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Two weeks after rolling, average rye termination rates by rollers/crimpers alone were 54.6%, 30.0%, and 50.4% in 2006, 2007, and 2008, respectively”
e1“rye ( Secale cereale L) winter cover crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Rye termination increased by about 10% between two and three weeks after rolling.
- Taxon
- ryeSecale cerealee0
- Outcome
- rye termination ratese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- ≈10%e0
- Comparator
- 2 weeks after rollinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Three weeks after rolling, rye termination rates increased only by ≈10% compared with 2 weeks after rolling”
Claim · model-written summary
Roller-only rye termination stayed below the 90% level recommended before cash-crop planting.
- Taxon
- ryeSecale cerealee1
- Outcome
- termination levelse0
- Direction
- belowe0
- Value
- 90%e0
- Qualifier
- necessary for planting a cash crop into the cover residuee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These termination levels were below the recommended rate of 90% termination necessary for planting a cash crop into the cover residue”
e1“Three weeks after rolling, rye termination rates”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors proposed early flowering-stage rolling as a probable cause of low rye termination.
- Taxon
- ryeSecale cerealee0
- Treatment
- rolling the rye in an early growth stage (flowering stage)e0
- Outcome
- Lower rye terminatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lower rye termination was probably caused by rolling the rye in an early growth stage (flowering stage)”
Claim · model-written summary
Roller operating speed did not influence rye termination rates.
- Taxon
- ryeSecale cerealee0
- Treatment
- rollers’ operating speede0
- Outcome
- rye termination ratese0
- Direction
- did not influencee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The rollers’ operating speed did not influence rye termination rates”
Claim · model-written summary
Roller type did not affect soil moisture during the first two weeks after rolling.
- Taxon
- sweet corne1
- Treatment
- roller typee0
- Outcome
- soil moisturee0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
- Qualifier
- first and second week after rollinge0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“roller type did not affect soil moisture during the first and second week after rolling”
e1“sweet corn ( Zea mays saccharata L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding glyphosate to rolling did not increase sweet corn yield in any of the three seasons.
- Taxon
- sweet corne0
- Treatment
- Applying glyphosate with rollinge0
- Outcome
- yield of sweet corne0
- Direction
- did not increasee0
- Qualifier
- any of the three growing seasonse0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Applying glyphosate with rolling did not increase yield of sweet corn in any of the three growing seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
In 2006, glyphosate plus rolling yielded less sweet corn than rolling alone.
Verbatim
e0“in 2006, sweet corn yield was lower compared with the roller alone treatments”
e1“Applying glyphosate with rolling”
Claim · model-written summary
Sweet corn yield did not differ significantly between the two roller speeds.
Verbatim
e0“No significant difference in sweet corn yield was found between operating speeds of 3.2 km·h −1 vs. 6.4 km·h −1”
Claim · model-written summary
Sweet corn yield did not differ significantly among the assigned treatments across seasons.
- Taxon
- sweet corne0
- Treatment
- assigned treatmentse0
- Outcome
- sweet corn yielde0
- Direction
- No significant differencee0
- Qualifier
- all growing seasonse0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“No significant difference in sweet corn yield was found between operating speeds of 3.2 km·h −1 vs. 6.4 km·h −1 and between the assigned treatments in all growing seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Sweet corn yield differed significantly among years.
Verbatim
e0“significant differences in sweet corn yield were detected between the years, most likely as a result of different weather patterns”
Claim · model-written summary
The lowest sweet corn yield was 3513 kg·ha −1 in drought-stricken 2007.
Verbatim
e0“The lowest sweet corn yield of 3513 kg·ha −1 was reported in 2007 as a result of severe drought in spring and summer of 2007”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest sweet corn yield was 15,613 kg·ha −1 in 2006.
Verbatim
e0“The highest yield of 15,613 kg·ha −1 was recorded in 2006”
e1“significant differences in sweet corn yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Sweet corn yield was 10,158 kg·ha −1 in 2008.
Verbatim
e0“In 2008, the yield was 10,158 kg·ha −1”
e1“significant differences in sweet corn yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Roller designs terminated less rye than the glyphosate treatment.
- Taxon
- ryeSecale cerealee0
- Treatment
- different roller designse0
- Outcome
- ending the rye cover crope0
- Direction
- not as effectivee0
- Comparator
- glyphosate treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the different roller designs were not as effective in ending the rye cover crop compared with the glyphosate treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Sweet corn yields were unaffected despite poorer rye termination by roller designs.
Verbatim
e0“sweet corn yields were unaffected”
e1“different roller designs were not as effective in ending the rye cover crop compared with the glyphosate treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest multiple rolling operations when greater rye termination is needed without herbicide, pending further testing.
- Taxon
- ryeSecale cerealee0
- Outcome
- Multiple rolling operations over the same area could be usefule0
- Qualifier
- this recommendation should be tested experimentally in more detaile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Multiple rolling operations over the same area could be useful if greater rye termination levels are required without the use of a herbicide, but this recommendation should be tested experimentally in more detail”
The same questions in other papers
glyphosate · yield · Zea mays (maize)Results differ
34 papers in the same direction as this paper · 42 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
73 papers more in this group
See all 77 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.