Abstract
Market demand exists in the United States for fresh mango ( Mangifera indica L.) fruit weighing >700 g, yet fruit of this size cannot be imported for lack of a quarantine treatment against fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae). Therefore, the objectives of this research were to evaluate the influence of fruit infestation method on mortality of late third instar, fruit fly larvae after fruit were immersed in hot water, and to generate dose mortality and fruit quality data for mangoes >700 g. Results suggested that artificial infestation is preferable to cage infestation because artificial infestation eliminates the direct influence of fruit weight loss on the heat dose delivered to the fruit center. Other advantages of artificial over cage infestation include: fruit maturity at treatment is similar to commercial application, mortality of untreated control fruit can be calculated, larval maturity is uniform and observable, and larvae can be placed into the slowest heating part of the fruit. Infesting with 50 rather than 25 larvae per fruit was preferred because the number of larvae placed into the fruit did not influence mortality and twice as many larvae were evaluated using the same number of fruit. The dose mortality and fruit quality data generated in this research suggest that immersion in water at 46.1 °C for 110 minutes may provide Probit 9 level quarantine security against Mexican fruit fly ( Anastrepha ludens Loew) for mangoes weighing up to 900 g without adversely affecting fruit market quality.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Artificial infestation was preferred because it eliminated the direct influence of fruit weight loss on heat dose at the mango fruit center.
- Taxon
- mango
_from_India.jpg?width=60)
Mangifera indicat0 - Outcome
- heat dose delivered to the fruit centere0
- Direction
- preferablee0
- Comparator
- cage infestatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_from_India.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“artificial infestation is preferable to cage infestation because artificial infestation eliminates the direct influence of fruit weight loss on the heat dose delivered to the fruit center.”
t0“Mangoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Artificial infestation allowed mango fruit maturity at treatment to resemble commercial application.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Outcome
- fruit maturity at treatmente0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- commercial applicatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fruit maturity at treatment is similar to commercial application”
t0“Mangoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Artificial infestation allowed untreated-control mango larval mortality to be calculated.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Outcome
- mortality of untreated control fruite0
- Comparator
- untreated control fruite0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mortality of untreated control fruit can be calculated”
t0“Mangoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Artificial infestation gave uniform, observable larval maturity and allowed larvae to be placed in the slowest-heating fruit area.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Outcome
- larval maturity is uniform and observablee0
Not reportedComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“larval maturity is uniform and observable, and larvae can be placed into the slowest heating part of the fruit.”
t0“Mangoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Using 50 rather than 25 larvae per fruit did not change mortality.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Treatment
- 50e0
- Outcome
- mortalitye0
- Direction
- did not influencee0
- Comparator
- 25e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Infesting with 50 rather than 25 larvae per fruit was preferred because the number of larvae placed into the fruit did not influence mortality”
t0“Mangoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Using 50 rather than 25 larvae per mango fruit doubled the larvae evaluated per number of fruit.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Outcome
- larvae were evaluatede0
- Value
- twice as manye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“twice as many larvae were evaluated using the same number of fruit.”
t0“Mangoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Hot-water immersion at 46.1 °C for 110 minutes may provide Probit 9 security against Mexican fruit fly for mangoes up to 900 g.
- Taxon
- mangoesMangifera indicae0
- Treatment
- immersion in water at 46.1 °C for 110 minutese0
- Interactor
- Anastrepha ludens Loew
Anastrepha ludense0pest - Outcome
- quarantine security against Mexican fruit flye0
- Value
- Probit 9e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“immersion in water at 46.1 °C for 110 minutes may provide Probit 9 level quarantine security against Mexican fruit fly ( Anastrepha ludens Loew) for mangoes weighing up to 900 g without adversely affecting fruit market quality.”
Claim · model-written summary
The proposed hot-water treatment may preserve mango fruit market quality.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Treatment
- Hot Water Immersiont0
- Outcome
- fruit market qualitye0
- Direction
- without adversely affectinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“without adversely affecting fruit market quality.”
t0“Hot Water Immersion as a Quarantine Treatment for Large Mangoes”
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See all 17 papers →application · Anastrepha ludens · Mangifera indica (mango)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.