Abstract
Effects of lime and gypsum applications on the quality of soybeans grown under no-till (NT) are not well defined yet. A field trial established in 1998 on a dystrophic clayey Rhodic Hapludox, at Ponta Grossa, State of Parana, Brazil, evaluated grain yield and soybean quality based on oil, protein and nutrient content, after lime and gypsum applications under NT, in a randomized complete block design (n = 3), split-plot experiment. In the main plots, the treatments with dolomitic lime were: control (no lime), split application of lime on the surface (three yearly applications of 1.5 Mg ha -1 ), surface lime (4.5 Mg ha -1 ), and incorporated lime (4.5 Mg ha -1 ). Subplots received four different rates of gypsum: 0, 3, 6, and 9 Mg ha -1 . The soybean crop was evaluated in the agricultural years of 2002-2003 and 2003-2004. After 58 months, the correction of acidity through surface liming, with full or split rates, was more pronounced in the top layer (0-0.05 m) and there was greater reaction at the depths of 0.05-0.10 and 0.10- 0.20 m when lime was incorporated. Surface or incorporated liming had no effect on grain yield, soybean oil and protein content. Gypsum improved chemical subsoil conditions, raising pH (0.01 mol L -1 CaCl 2 ) as well as Ca 2+ and S-SO 4 2- contents; it also caused exchangeable Mg 2+ leaching in the soil profile. The application of gypsum did not affect grain yield, yet it improved soybean quality through an increase in protein and S contents, in 2003-2004, and in grain P, K and Ca, in the two cropping years. The use of gypsum in NT soybeans can be especially important for fields of seeds production.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Surface lime corrected acidity most strongly in the top soil layer.
- Taxon
- soybeans
Glycine maxe1 - Treatment
- surface liming, with full or split ratese0
- Outcome
- correction of aciditye0
- Direction
- more pronouncede0
- Qualifier
- top layer (0-0.05 m)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After 58 months, the correction of acidity through surface liming, with full or split rates, was more pronounced in the top layer (0-0.05 m)”
e1“soybeans grown under no-till (NT)”
Claim · model-written summary
Incorporated lime reacted more strongly at 0.05 to 0.20 m depth.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- lime was incorporatede0
- Outcome
- reactione0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Qualifier
- depths of 0.05-0.10 and 0.10- 0.20 me0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there was greater reaction at the depths of 0.05-0.10 and 0.10- 0.20 m when lime was incorporated”
e1“soybeans grown under no-till (NT)”
Claim · model-written summary
Surface or incorporated lime did not affect soybean grain yield.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Surface or incorporated liminge0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Surface or incorporated liming had no effect on grain yield, soybean oil and protein content.”
Claim · model-written summary
Surface or incorporated lime did not affect soybean oil or protein content.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Surface or incorporated liminge0
- Outcome
- soybean oil and protein contente0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Surface or incorporated liming had no effect on grain yield, soybean oil and protein content.”
Claim · model-written summary
Gypsum raised subsoil pH and Ca and sulfate contents.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- Gypsume0
- Outcome
- pH (0.01 mol L -1 CaCl 2 ) as well as Ca 2+ and S-SO 4 2- contentse0
- Direction
- raisinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gypsum improved chemical subsoil conditions, raising pH (0.01 mol L -1 CaCl 2 ) as well as Ca 2+ and S-SO 4 2- contents”
e1“grain yield and soybean quality”
Claim · model-written summary
Gypsum caused exchangeable magnesium leaching in the soil profile.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe2
- Treatment
- gypsume1
- Outcome
- exchangeable Mg 2+ leaching in the soil profilee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it also caused exchangeable Mg 2+ leaching in the soil profile”
e1“Subplots received four different rates of gypsum”
e2“grain yield and soybean quality”
Claim · model-written summary
Gypsum did not affect soybean grain yield.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- gypsume0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of gypsum did not affect grain yield”
e1“grain yield and soybean quality”
Claim · model-written summary
Gypsum increased soybean grain protein and sulfur contents in 2003-2004.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- gypsume1
- Outcome
- protein and S contentse0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- 2003-2004e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it improved soybean quality through an increase in protein and S contents, in 2003-2004”
e1“Subplots received four different rates of gypsum”
Claim · model-written summary
Gypsum increased soybean grain phosphorus, potassium and calcium in both crop years.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- gypsume1
- Outcome
- grain P, K and Cae0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- two cropping yearse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it improved soybean quality through an increase in protein and S contents, in 2003-2004, and in grain P, K and Ca, in the two cropping years.”
e1“Subplots received four different rates of gypsum”
Claim · model-written summary
Gypsum use may be especially important for no-till soybean seed production fields.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- use of gypsum in NT soybeanse0
- Qualifier
- fields of seeds productione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The use of gypsum in NT soybeans can be especially important for fields of seeds production.”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.