Abstract
Effects of lime and gypsum applications on the quality of soybeans grown under no-till (NT) are not well defined yet. A field trial established in 1998 on a dystrophic clayey Rhodic Hapludox, at Ponta Grossa, State of Paraná, Brazil, evaluated grain yield and soybean quality based on oil, protein and nutrient content, after lime and gypsum applications under NT, in a randomized complete block design (n = 3), split-plot experiment. In the main plots, the treatments with dolomitic lime were: control (no lime), split application of lime on the surface (three yearly applications of 1.5 Mg ha¹), surface lime (4.5 Mg ha¹), and incorporated lime (4.5 Mg ha¹). Subplots received four different rates of gypsum: 0, 3, 6, and 9 Mg ha-1. The soybean crop was evaluated in the agricultural years of 20022003 and 20032004. After 58 months, the correction of acidity through surface liming, with full or split rates, was more pronounced in the top layer (00.05 m) and there was greater reaction at the depths of 0.050.10 and 0.100.20 m when lime was incorporated. Surface or incorporated liming had no effect on grain yield, soybean oil and protein content. Gypsum improved chemical subsoil conditions, raising pH (0.01 mol L-1 CaCl2) as well as Ca2+ and S-SO4(2-) contents; it also caused exchangeable Mg2+ leaching in the soil profile. The application of gypsum did not affect grain yield, yet it improved soybean quality through an increase in protein and S contents, in 20032004, and in grain P, K and Ca, in the two cropping years. The use of gypsum in NT soybeans can be especially important for fields of seeds production.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Surface liming corrected acidity more in the top layer.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- surface liming, with full or split ratese0
- Outcome
- correction of aciditye0
- Direction
- more pronouncede0
- Qualifier
- top layer (00.05 m)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“correction of acidity through surface liming, with full or split rates, was more pronounced in the top layer (00.05 m)”
t0“Soybean yield and quality a function oflime and gypsum applications”
Claim · model-written summary
Incorporated lime reacted more at depths of 0.050.10 and 0.100.20 m.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- lime was incorporatede0
- Outcome
- reactione0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Qualifier
- depths of 0.050.10 and 0.100.20 me0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“greater reaction at the depths of 0.050.10 and 0.100.20 m when lime was incorporated”
t0“Soybean yield and quality a function oflime and gypsum applications”
Claim · model-written summary
Surface or incorporated liming did not affect soybean grain yield.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Surface or incorporated liminge0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Surface or incorporated liming had no effect on grain yield, soybean oil and protein content”
t0“Soybean yield and quality a function oflime and gypsum applications”
Claim · model-written summary
Surface or incorporated liming did not affect oil and protein content.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Surface or incorporated liminge0
- Outcome
- soybean oil and protein contente0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Surface or incorporated liming had no effect on grain yield, soybean oil and protein content”
t0“Soybean yield and quality a function oflime and gypsum applications”
Claim · model-written summary
Gypsum raised subsoil pH, Ca2+ and S-SO4(2-) contents.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Gypsume0
- Outcome
- pH (0.01 mol L-1 CaCl2) as well as Ca2+ and S-SO4(2-) contentse0
- Direction
- raisinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gypsum improved chemical subsoil conditions, raising pH (0.01 mol L-1 CaCl2) as well as Ca2+ and S-SO4(2-) contents”
t0“Soybean yield and quality a function oflime and gypsum applications”
Claim · model-written summary
Gypsum caused exchangeable Mg2+ leaching in the soil profile.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- gypsumt0
- Outcome
- exchangeable Mg2+ leaching in the soil profilee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it also caused exchangeable Mg2+ leaching in the soil profile”
t0“Soybean yield and quality a function oflime and gypsum applications”
Claim · model-written summary
Gypsum did not affect grain yield.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- gypsume0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of gypsum did not affect grain yield”
t0“Soybean yield and quality a function oflime and gypsum applications”
Claim · model-written summary
Gypsum increased soybean grain protein and sulfur contents in 20032004.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- gypsumt0
- Outcome
- protein and S contentse0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- in 20032004e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increase in protein and S contents, in 20032004”
t0“Soybean yield and quality a function oflime and gypsum applications”
Claim · model-written summary
Gypsum increased grain P, K and Ca in both cropping years.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- gypsumt0
- Outcome
- grain P, K and Cae0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- in the two cropping yearse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“improved soybean quality through an increase in protein and S contents, in 20032004, and in grain P, K and Ca, in the two cropping years”
t0“Soybean yield and quality a function oflime and gypsum applications”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend gypsum for no-till soybean seed-production fields.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- use of gypsum in NT soybeanse0
- Qualifier
- fields of seeds productione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The use of gypsum in NT soybeans can be especially important for fields of seeds production”
t0“Soybean yield and quality a function oflime and gypsum applications”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.