Abstract
An open-field container experiment was conducted to determine the effectiveness of maize （Zea mays） and sweet potato （Ipomoea batatas） as phytoremediation agents in removing Zn and Cu from pig farmyard manure （PFM） applied on soils. Hypotheses were tested in soil amended with PFM and wood charcoal to know 1） whether Zn and Cu uptake by the plants are arbuscular mycorrhizal （AM） or wood charcoal dependent; and 2） if the harvestable edible parts of the agricultural crops can still be used. PFM application resulted to higher Zn and Cu in soil and enhanced plant-uptakes of these elements. Removal of Zn and Cu from PFM applied soils using maize is more effective than sweet potato. After maize was harvested, the number of mycorrhizal spores in soil decreased with PFM application. After sweet potato was harvested, the number of spores in soil decreased with both PFM and charcoal application. AM colonization and the number of spores were not always consistent with the absorption of heavy metals in both plants. Relationship between AM fungal activities and charcoal application was also variable. However, Zn and Cu concentration in the edible parts of both plants were not affected by any of the soil amendments tested. These fi ndings suggested that the use of agricultural crops, such as maize and sweet potato, may be useful for the long-term phytoremediation in an arable fi eld without generating risks of higher heavy metal concentrations in edible parts.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
PFM application enhanced plant uptake of Zn and Cu by maize and sweet potato
- Taxon
- maize and sweet potato
_Flower.jpg?width=60)
Ipomoea batatas
Zea mayst0 - Treatment
- PFM applicatione1
- Outcome
- plant-uptakese1
- Direction
- enhancede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Flower.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“by maize and sweet potato”
e1“PFM application resulted to higher Zn and Cu in soil and enhanced plant-uptakes of these elements”
Claim · model-written summary
PFM application resulted in higher Zn and Cu in soil
- Taxon
- maize and sweet potatoIpomoea batatasZea mayst0
- Treatment
- PFM applicatione1
- Outcome
- Zn and Cu in soile1
- Direction
- highere1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“by maize and sweet potato”
e1“PFM application resulted to higher Zn and Cu in soil and enhanced plant-uptakes of these elements”
Claim · model-written summary
Removal of Zn and Cu from PFM-applied soil was more effective with maize than with sweet potato
- Treatment
- PFM applied soilse2
- Outcome
- Removal of Zn and Cu from PFM applied soilse2
- Direction
- more effectivee2
- Comparator
- sweet potatoe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“by maize and sweet potato”
e2“Removal of Zn and Cu from PFM applied soils using maize is more effective than sweet potato”
Claim · model-written summary
After maize harvest, PFM application decreased mycorrhizal spore numbers in soil
- Treatment
- PFM applicatione3
- Interactor
- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungit1symbiont
- Outcome
- number of mycorrhizal spores in soile3
- Direction
- decreasede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“by maize and sweet potato”
t1“contribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi”
e3“After maize was harvested, the number of mycorrhizal spores in soil decreased with PFM application”
Claim · model-written summary
After sweet potato harvest, PFM and charcoal application decreased spore numbers in soil
- Taxon
- sweet potatoIpomoea batatase4
- Treatment
- PFM and charcoal applicatione4
- Interactor
- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungit1symbiont
- Outcome
- number of spores in soile4
- Direction
- decreasede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“by maize and sweet potato”
t1“contribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi”
e4“After sweet potato was harvested, the number of spores in soil decreased with both PFM and charcoal application”
Claim · model-written summary
AM colonization and spore number were not always consistent with heavy metal absorption
- Taxon
- maize and sweet potatoIpomoea batatasZea mayst0
- Interactor
- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungit1symbiont
- Outcome
- absorption of heavy metalse5
- Qualifier
- not always consistente5
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“by maize and sweet potato”
t1“contribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi”
e5“AM colonization and the number of spores were not always consistent with the absorption of heavy metals in both plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The relationship between AM fungal activities and charcoal application was variable
- Taxon
- maize and sweet potatoIpomoea batatasZea mayst0
- Treatment
- charcoal applicatione6
- Interactor
- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungit1symbiont
- Outcome
- AM fungal activitiese6
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“by maize and sweet potato”
t1“contribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi”
e6“Relationship between AM fungal activities and charcoal application was also variable”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil amendments did not affect Zn and Cu concentration in the edible parts of maize and sweet potato
- Taxon
- maize and sweet potatoIpomoea batatasZea mayst0
- Organ / stage
- edible partse7
- Treatment
- soil amendments testede7
- Outcome
- Zn and Cu concentration in the edible partse7
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“by maize and sweet potato”
e7“Zn and Cu concentration in the edible parts of both plants were not affected by any of the soil amendments tested”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize and sweet potato may be useful for long-term phytoremediation in an arable field without raising edible-part metal risks
- Taxon
- maize and sweet potatoIpomoea batatasZea mayse0
- Outcome
- long-term phytoremediatione0
- Qualifier
- without generating risks of higher heavy metal concentrations in edible partse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“by maize and sweet potato”
e0“the use of agricultural crops, such as maize and sweet potato, may be useful for the long-term phytoremediation in an arable fi eld without generating risks of higher heavy metal concentrations in edible parts”
The same questions in other papers
other · nutrient: content · Ipomoea batatas (sweet potato)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
other · nutrient: content · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
11 papers in the same direction as this paper · 107 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
115 papers more in this group
See all 119 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.