Abstract
To investigate the effect of copper and zinc on germination, phytotoxicity, seedling vigor and tolerance, a laboratory experiment was undertaken on tomato (cultivar Roma VF) at Ambo University, Ethiopia. Copper and zinc in seven levels each (0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 and 600 ppm), were arranged in factorial CRD with four replications. Copper and zinc concentrations significantly (p<0.05) decreased germination percentage and rate, shoot and root lengths, seedling vigor, and tolerance. However, toxicity percentage to shoot and root increased significantly (p<0.05) with increasing metals concentrations. Maximum germination, shoot and root lengths, tolerance, and seedling vigor were obtained with controls. Minimum value for the germination percentage (76.6%), germination rate (4.6plants/day), shoot and root lengths, tolerance and vigor were expressed at 600ppm - zinc; however, copper ≥300ppm induced total failure on tomato seeds germination. The highest toxicity to shoot (92.3%) and root (93.4%) appeared at 600ppm zinc, whereas ≥300 ppm copper caused 100% toxicity on shoot and root. 100ppm, copper was toxic to shoot (61%) and roots (85%), while zinc showed toxicity of 68% of shoot and 66% of root toxicity. Hence, other than 100ppm, copper is more toxic than zinc for germination and seedling growth of Roma VF.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Copper and zinc concentrations decreased germination percentage and rate of tomato relative to controls.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- Copper and zinc concentrationse1
- Outcome
- germination percentage and ratee1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Comparator
- controlse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a laboratory experiment was undertaken on tomato (cultivar Roma VF) at Ambo University, Ethiopia”
e1“Copper and zinc concentrations significantly (p<0.05) decreased germination percentage and rate, shoot and root lengths, seedling vigor, and tolerance”
e2“Maximum germination, shoot and root lengths, tolerance, and seedling vigor were obtained with controls”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper and zinc concentrations decreased shoot and root lengths of tomato relative to controls.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Copper and zinc concentrationse1
- Outcome
- shoot and root lengthse1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Comparator
- controlse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a laboratory experiment was undertaken on tomato (cultivar Roma VF) at Ambo University, Ethiopia”
e1“Copper and zinc concentrations significantly (p<0.05) decreased germination percentage and rate, shoot and root lengths, seedling vigor, and tolerance”
e2“Maximum germination, shoot and root lengths, tolerance, and seedling vigor were obtained with controls”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper and zinc concentrations decreased seedling vigor and tolerance of tomato relative to controls.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Copper and zinc concentrationse1
- Outcome
- seedling vigor, and tolerancee1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Comparator
- controlse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a laboratory experiment was undertaken on tomato (cultivar Roma VF) at Ambo University, Ethiopia”
e1“Copper and zinc concentrations significantly (p<0.05) decreased germination percentage and rate, shoot and root lengths, seedling vigor, and tolerance”
e2“Maximum germination, shoot and root lengths, tolerance, and seedling vigor were obtained with controls”
Claim · model-written summary
Toxicity percentage to shoot and root of tomato increased with increasing copper and zinc concentrations.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- increasing metals concentrationse3
- Outcome
- toxicity percentage to shoot and roote3
- Direction
- increasede3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a laboratory experiment was undertaken on tomato (cultivar Roma VF) at Ambo University, Ethiopia”
e3“However, toxicity percentage to shoot and root increased significantly (p<0.05) with increasing metals concentrations”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest toxicity to tomato shoot (92.3%) appeared at 600ppm zinc.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- 600ppm zince6
- Outcome
- toxicitye6
- Direction
- higheste6
- Value
- 92.3%e6
- Qualifier
- shoote6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a laboratory experiment was undertaken on tomato (cultivar Roma VF) at Ambo University, Ethiopia”
e6“The highest toxicity to shoot (92.3%) and root (93.4%) appeared at 600ppm zinc”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest toxicity to tomato root (93.4%) appeared at 600ppm zinc.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- 600ppm zince6
- Outcome
- toxicitye6
- Direction
- higheste6
- Value
- 93.4%e6
- Qualifier
- roote6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a laboratory experiment was undertaken on tomato (cultivar Roma VF) at Ambo University, Ethiopia”
e6“The highest toxicity to shoot (92.3%) and root (93.4%) appeared at 600ppm zinc”
Claim · model-written summary
The minimum germination percentage of tomato (76.6%) was at 600ppm zinc.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- 600ppm - zince4
- Outcome
- germination percentagee4
- Direction
- Minimum valuee4
- Value
- 76.6%e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a laboratory experiment was undertaken on tomato (cultivar Roma VF) at Ambo University, Ethiopia”
e4“Minimum value for the germination percentage (76.6%), germination rate (4.6plants/day), shoot and root lengths, tolerance and vigor were expressed at 600ppm - zinc”
Claim · model-written summary
The minimum germination rate of tomato (4.6plants/day) was at 600ppm zinc.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- 600ppm - zince4
- Outcome
- germination ratee4
- Direction
- Minimum valuee4
- Value
- 4.6plants/daye4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a laboratory experiment was undertaken on tomato (cultivar Roma VF) at Ambo University, Ethiopia”
e4“Minimum value for the germination percentage (76.6%), germination rate (4.6plants/day), shoot and root lengths, tolerance and vigor were expressed at 600ppm - zinc”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper at 300 ppm or more caused total failure of tomato seed germination.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- copper ≥300ppme5
- Outcome
- total failure on tomato seeds germinatione5
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a laboratory experiment was undertaken on tomato (cultivar Roma VF) at Ambo University, Ethiopia”
e5“copper ≥300ppm induced total failure on tomato seeds germination”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper at 300 ppm or more caused 100% toxicity to tomato shoot and root.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- ≥300 ppm coppere7
- Outcome
- toxicitye7
- Direction
- causede7
- Value
- 100%e7
- Qualifier
- shoot and roote7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a laboratory experiment was undertaken on tomato (cultivar Roma VF) at Ambo University, Ethiopia”
e7“whereas ≥300 ppm copper caused 100% toxicity on shoot and root”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper at 100 ppm was toxic to tomato shoot (61%).
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a laboratory experiment was undertaken on tomato (cultivar Roma VF) at Ambo University, Ethiopia”
e1“100ppm, copper was toxic to shoot (61%) and roots (85%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper at 100 ppm was toxic to tomato roots (85%).
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a laboratory experiment was undertaken on tomato (cultivar Roma VF) at Ambo University, Ethiopia”
e1“100ppm, copper was toxic to shoot (61%) and roots (85%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc showed toxicity of 68% to tomato shoot.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a laboratory experiment was undertaken on tomato (cultivar Roma VF) at Ambo University, Ethiopia”
e1“while zinc showed toxicity of 68% of shoot and 66% of root toxicity”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc showed toxicity of 66% to tomato root.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a laboratory experiment was undertaken on tomato (cultivar Roma VF) at Ambo University, Ethiopia”
e1“while zinc showed toxicity of 68% of shoot and 66% of root toxicity”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper was more toxic than zinc for tomato germination and seedling growth, except at 100 ppm.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- coppere1
- Outcome
- germination and seedling growthe1
- Direction
- more toxice1
- Qualifier
- other than 100ppme1
- Comparator
- zince1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a laboratory experiment was undertaken on tomato (cultivar Roma VF) at Ambo University, Ethiopia”
e1“Hence, other than 100ppm, copper is more toxic than zinc for germination and seedling growth of Roma VF”
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