Abstract
Ongoing research on organic growing media for greenhouse tomato production is driven by the constant changes in the quality, stability, and form of the organic byproducts used in the manufacturing of these media. This study was undertaken to determine appropriate irrigation set points for a sawdust–peat mix (SP) under development given that the performance of this substrate appeared to be strongly dependent on appropriate irrigation management. A greenhouse tomato experiment was conducted to compare different irrigation management approaches for a SP substrate in the spring and summer. Using preliminary measurements from an initial experiment (Expt. 1), different irrigation strategies for the SP substrate were compared in a second experiment (Expt. 2): 1) a variable irrigation regime using a timer control (with frequency adjusted as a function of irradiance); 2) tensiometer control at –1.5 kPa; and 3) two constant substrate water potential devices: –1.1 kPa and –0.9 kPa. An irrigation timer/controller using solar radiation input was used with a rockwool control (RC) substrate. Measurements of plant activity [photosynthesis rate and stomatal conductance ( g S )], substrate physical and chemical properties, biomass, and yield were obtained. For all irrigation strategies, results indicated that 10% to 20% higher photosynthesis rates and g S values were obtained with the SP substrate compared with RC. Data indicated that moderate drying conditions (matric potential ranging from –2.2 kPa to –1.5 kPa in Expt. 1 and Expt. 2, respectively) relative to container capacity (–0.6 kPa) were beneficial for improving plant photosynthetic activity and allowed the highest yields for the SP substrate. Variable irrigation management showed higher levels of plant activity than constant watering and increased the oxygen concentration in the substrate by ≈2% in absolute value relative to the constant water potential device. Lower CO 2 and N 2 O levels were also observed with the variable irrigation strategy. On the other hand, maximum nutrient solution savings were achieved with the constant matric potential devices (8% to 31% relative to the RC). This study showed high productivity potential for the SP substrate with suitable irrigation management. Replacing conventional growing media with organic waste-based products using an appropriate irrigation strategy may help to increase the sustainability of the greenhouse industry.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
The SP substrate gave 10% to 20% higher photosynthesis rates and stomatal conductance than rockwool under all irrigation strategies.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- SP substratee1
- Outcome
- photosynthesis rates and g S valuese1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 10% to 20%e1
- Comparator
- RCe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A greenhouse tomato experiment was conducted to compare different irrigation management approaches for a SP substrate in the spring and summer”
e1“For all irrigation strategies, results indicated that 10% to 20% higher photosynthesis rates and g S values were obtained with the SP substrate compared with RC”
Claim · model-written summary
Moderate drying conditions improved tomato photosynthetic activity relative to container capacity.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- moderate drying conditionse2
- Outcome
- plant photosynthetic activitye2
- Direction
- improvinge2
- Comparator
- container capacitye2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A greenhouse tomato experiment was conducted to compare different irrigation management approaches for a SP substrate in the spring and summer”
e2“moderate drying conditions (matric potential ranging from –2.2 kPa to –1.5 kPa in Expt. 1 and Expt. 2, respectively) relative to container capacity (–0.6 kPa) were beneficial for improving plant photosynthetic activity”
Claim · model-written summary
Moderate drying conditions gave the highest tomato yields on the SP substrate relative to container capacity.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- moderate drying conditionse2
- Outcome
- yieldse3
- Direction
- higheste3
- Comparator
- container capacitye2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A greenhouse tomato experiment was conducted to compare different irrigation management approaches for a SP substrate in the spring and summer”
e2“moderate drying conditions (matric potential ranging from –2.2 kPa to –1.5 kPa in Expt. 1 and Expt. 2, respectively) relative to container capacity (–0.6 kPa) were beneficial for improving plant photosynthetic activity”
e3“allowed the highest yields for the SP substrate”
Claim · model-written summary
Variable irrigation management showed higher plant activity than constant watering.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Variable irrigation managemente4
- Outcome
- plant activitye4
- Direction
- highere4
- Comparator
- constant wateringe4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A greenhouse tomato experiment was conducted to compare different irrigation management approaches for a SP substrate in the spring and summer”
e4“Variable irrigation management showed higher levels of plant activity than constant watering and increased the oxygen concentration in the substrate by ≈2% in absolute value relative to the constant water potential device”
Claim · model-written summary
Variable irrigation management increased the substrate oxygen concentration by about 2% relative to the constant water potential device.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Variable irrigation managemente4
- Outcome
- oxygen concentration in the substratee4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Value
- ≈2%e4
- Comparator
- constant water potential devicee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A greenhouse tomato experiment was conducted to compare different irrigation management approaches for a SP substrate in the spring and summer”
e4“Variable irrigation management showed higher levels of plant activity than constant watering and increased the oxygen concentration in the substrate by ≈2% in absolute value relative to the constant water potential device”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower CO2 and N2O levels were observed with the variable irrigation strategy in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- variable irrigation strategye6
- Outcome
- CO 2 and N 2 O levelse6
- Direction
- Lowere6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A greenhouse tomato experiment was conducted to compare different irrigation management approaches for a SP substrate in the spring and summer”
e6“Lower CO 2 and N 2 O levels were also observed with the variable irrigation strategy”
Claim · model-written summary
Constant matric potential devices gave the maximum nutrient solution savings, 8% to 31% relative to rockwool.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- constant matric potential devicese7
- Outcome
- nutrient solution savingse7
- Direction
- maximume7
- Value
- 8% to 31%e7
- Comparator
- RCe7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A greenhouse tomato experiment was conducted to compare different irrigation management approaches for a SP substrate in the spring and summer”
e7“maximum nutrient solution savings were achieved with the constant matric potential devices (8% to 31% relative to the RC)”
Claim · model-written summary
The study showed high productivity potential for the SP substrate with suitable irrigation management.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- SP substratee1
- Outcome
- high productivity potentiale1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A greenhouse tomato experiment was conducted to compare different irrigation management approaches for a SP substrate in the spring and summer”
e1“This study showed high productivity potential for the SP substrate with suitable irrigation management”
Claim · model-written summary
Replacing conventional growing media with organic waste-based products using an appropriate irrigation strategy may increase the sustainability of the greenhouse industry.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Replacing conventional growing media with organic waste-based productse1
- Outcome
- sustainability of the greenhouse industrye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A greenhouse tomato experiment was conducted to compare different irrigation management approaches for a SP substrate in the spring and summer”
e1“Replacing conventional growing media with organic waste-based products using an appropriate irrigation strategy may help to increase the sustainability of the greenhouse industry”
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