Abstract
The contribution of the cover crops Mucuna pruriens var. utilis and Pueraria phaseoloides to the N balance of a sole maize relay cropping system was estimated. Over 4 consecutive years, amounts of N in 8-9 months old aboveground M. pruriens, P. phaseoloides and natural fallow biomass and litter were determined. Fallow biomass was either burned or retained as mulch. Maize aboveground N uptake and N export with grain was determined. The amount of N2-fixed was estimated with the N difference method. In 1998, 1999, and 2000, N content in M. pruriens and P. phaseoloides biomass was higher than in natural fallow. In 2000 and 2001 biomass in previously burned plots contained less N than when biomass had been retained. Fallow-type and biomass management did not interact. Maize N uptake was higher after biomass burning in 1998, yet thereafter higher when biomass was retained. Fallow type had only in 1999 an effect, with highest maize N uptake in the P. phaseoloides system, followed by the M. pruriens system and the natural regrowth. The estimated amounts of N2-fixed were higher in the P. phaseoloidessystem; biomass management had no effect. Nitrogen export with maize grain was highest in the P. phaseoloides system, followed by the M. pruriens system; biomass management had no effect. Maize N uptake into the aboveground biomass and N export with grains was balanced by the amount of N in fallow biomass in all systems when biomass was retained. The amount of N2-fixed did not balance the amount taken up by the maize. In the M. pruriens system the N exported with grains was not balanced by N2 fixation, the P. phaseoloides system had a positive balance of N export in grain versus the amount of N2 fixed.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Mucuna biomass had more nitrogen than natural fallow in 1998-2000.
- Taxon
- M. pruriens
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Mucuna pruriense0 - Outcome
- N content in M. pruriens and P. phaseoloides biomasse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- natural fallowe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“In 1998, 1999, and 2000, N content in M. pruriens and P. phaseoloides biomass was higher than in natural fallow”
Claim · model-written summary
Pueraria biomass had more nitrogen than natural fallow in 1998-2000.
- Taxon
- P. phaseoloides
Neustanthus phaseoloidese0 - Outcome
- N content in M. pruriens and P. phaseoloides biomasse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- natural fallowe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 1998, 1999, and 2000, N content in M. pruriens and P. phaseoloides biomass was higher than in natural fallow”
Claim · model-written summary
Burning lowered biomass nitrogen versus retention in 2000-2001.
- Treatment
- previously burned plotse0
- Outcome
- biomass in previously burned plots contained less Ne0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Comparator
- when biomass had been retainede0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 2000 and 2001 biomass in previously burned plots contained less N than when biomass had been retained”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Fallow type and biomass management did not interact.
- Outcome
- Fallow-type and biomass management did not interacte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fallow-type and biomass management did not interact”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Burning raised maize nitrogen uptake in 1998.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize N uptake was higher after biomass burning in 1998”
Claim · model-written summary
Retention raised maize nitrogen uptake after 1998.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“yet thereafter higher when biomass was retained”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
In 1999, maize nitrogen uptake ranked Pueraria then Mucuna then natural regrowth.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fallow type had only in 1999 an effect, with highest maize N uptake in the P. phaseoloides system, followed by the M. pruriens system and the natural regrowth”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize grain nitrogen export ranked Pueraria above Mucuna.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen export with maize grain was highest in the P. phaseoloides system, followed by the M. pruriens system”
Claim · model-written summary
Biomass management did not affect grain nitrogen export.
- Outcome
- biomass management had no effecte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen export with maize grain was highest in the P. phaseoloides system, followed by the M. pruriens system; biomass management had no effect”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Retained fallow biomass nitrogen balanced maize uptake and grain export across systems.
- Outcome
- Maize N uptake into the aboveground biomass and N export with grains was balancede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize N uptake into the aboveground biomass and N export with grains was balanced by the amount of N in fallow biomass in all systems when biomass was retained”
Claim · model-written summary
Fixation did not balance maize nitrogen uptake.
- Outcome
- N2-fixed did not balance the amount taken upe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The amount of N2-fixed did not balance the amount taken up by the maize”
Claim · model-written summary
In the Mucuna system, fixation did not balance grain nitrogen export.
- Taxon
- M. pruriensMucuna pruriense0
- Outcome
- N exported with grains was not balanced by N2 fixatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the M. pruriens system the N exported with grains was not balanced by N2 fixation”
Claim · model-written summary
Pueraria had a positive balance of grain nitrogen export versus fixation.
- Taxon
- P. phaseoloidesNeustanthus phaseoloidese0
- Outcome
- positive balance of N export in grain versus the amount of N2 fixede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the P. phaseoloides system had a positive balance of N export in grain versus the amount of N2 fixed”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.