Abstract
Flower bud hardiness of ethephon-treated (100 mg·liter -1 in October), dormant pruned (in December) `Redhaven' peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch.) trees was studied from December through March using exotherm analysis. In early December, buds not treated with ethephon were 0.5C hardier than ethephon-treated buds. From mid-December through March, ethephon-treated buds were 0.5 to 2.1C hardier than nontreated buds. When a main effect of pruning was detected, buds from pruned trees were 0.8 to 2.8C less hardy than buds from nonpruned trees. On several dates, a significant interaction on flower bud hardiness between ethephon treatment and pruning was detected. For trees not treated with ethephon, buds from pruned trees were 1.8 to 2.2C less hardy than those from nonpruned trees. Pruning did not affect hardiness of buds from ethephon-treated trees. Ethephon delayed bloom to the 75% fully open stage by 9 days. Pruning accelerated bloom to the 75% fully open stage by 3 days compared to nonpruned trees. Flower bud dehardening under controlled conditions was also studied. As field chilling accumulated, flower buds dehardened more rapidly and to a greater extent when exposed to heat. Pruning accelerated and intensified dehardening. Ethephon reduced the pruning effect. The percentage of buds supercooling from any ethephon or pruning treatment did not change as chilling accumulated. In trees not treated with ethepbon, fewer buds supercooled as heat accumulated, and pruning intensified this effect. In pruned, ethephon-treated trees, fewer buds supercooled after exposure to heat. The number of buds supercooling in nonpruned trees did not change with heat accumulation. Flower bud rehardening after controlled dehardening was also evaluated. After dehardening in early February, there was no difference in the bud hardiness of pruned or nonpruned trees. Buds from ethepbon-treated trees were hardier than those from nontreated trees. With reacclimation, buds from pruned trees were not as hardy as those from nonpruned trees. The percentage of buds supercooling from ethephon-treated trees did not change with deacclimation or reacclimation treatments. After deacclimation in late February, buds from pruned trees were 2.2C less hardy than those from nonpruned trees. After reacclimation, buds from pruned, ethephon-treated trees rehardened 2.6C while buds from all other treatments remained at deacclimated hardiness levels or continued to deharden. Ethephon-treated pistils were shorter than nontreated pistils. Pistils from pruned trees were longer than those from nonpruned trees. Deacclimated pistils were longer than nondeacclimated pistils. Differences in hardiness among ethephon and pruning treatments were observed, but there was no relationship between pistil moisture and hardiness.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
In early December untreated buds were 0.5C hardier than ethephon-treated buds.
- Taxon
- peach
Prunus persicat0 - Treatment
- ethephon-treated budse0
- Outcome
- hardiere0
- Direction
- hardiere0
- Value
- 0.5Ce0
- Comparator
- buds not treated with ethephone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In early December, buds not treated with ethephon were 0.5C hardier than ethephon-treated buds.”
t0“Peach”
Claim · model-written summary
From mid-December through March ethephon-treated buds were 0.5 to 2.1C hardier.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Treatment
- ethephon-treated budse0
- Outcome
- hardiere0
- Direction
- hardiere0
- Value
- 0.5 to 2.1Ce0
- Comparator
- nontreated budse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“From mid-December through March, ethephon-treated buds were 0.5 to 2.1C hardier than nontreated buds.”
t0“Peach”
Claim · model-written summary
Where a pruning main effect was detected, pruned buds were 0.8 to 2.8C less hardy.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Treatment
- pruned treese0
- Outcome
- hardye0
- Direction
- less hardye0
- Value
- 0.8 to 2.8Ce0
- Comparator
- nonpruned treese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When a main effect of pruning was detected, buds from pruned trees were 0.8 to 2.8C less hardy than buds from nonpruned trees.”
t0“Peach”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon and pruning significantly interacted in bud hardiness on several dates.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Treatment
- ethephon treatment and pruninge0
- Outcome
- flower bud hardinesse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On several dates, a significant interaction on flower bud hardiness between ethephon treatment and pruning was detected.”
t0“Peach”
Claim · model-written summary
Among untreated trees, pruning made buds 1.8 to 2.2C less hardy.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Treatment
- pruned treese0
- Outcome
- hardye0
- Direction
- less hardye0
- Value
- 1.8 to 2.2Ce0
- Qualifier
- trees not treated with ethephone0
- Comparator
- nonpruned treese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For trees not treated with ethephon, buds from pruned trees were 1.8 to 2.2C less hardy than those from nonpruned trees.”
t0“Peach”
Claim · model-written summary
Pruning did not affect hardiness in ethephon-treated trees.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Treatment
- Pruninge0
- Outcome
- hardinesse0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
- Qualifier
- ethephon-treated treese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pruning did not affect hardiness of buds from ethephon-treated trees.”
t0“Peach”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon delayed 75% bloom by 9 days.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Treatment
- Ethephone0
- Outcome
- bloom to the 75% fully open stagee0
- Direction
- delayede0
- Value
- 9 dayse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ethephon delayed bloom to the 75% fully open stage by 9 days.”
t0“Peach”
Claim · model-written summary
Pruning accelerated 75% bloom by 3 days.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Treatment
- Pruninge0
- Outcome
- bloom to the 75% fully open stagee0
- Direction
- acceleratede0
- Value
- 3 dayse0
- Comparator
- nonpruned treese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pruning accelerated bloom to the 75% fully open stage by 3 days compared to nonpruned trees.”
t0“Peach”
Claim · model-written summary
As field chilling accumulated, heated buds dehardened faster and more extensively.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Treatment
- exposed to heate0
- Outcome
- flower buds dehardenede0
- Direction
- more rapidly and to a greater extente0
- Qualifier
- As field chilling accumulatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As field chilling accumulated, flower buds dehardened more rapidly and to a greater extent when exposed to heat.”
t0“Peach”
Claim · model-written summary
Pruning accelerated and intensified dehardening.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Treatment
- Pruninge0
- Outcome
- dehardeninge0
- Direction
- accelerated and intensifiede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pruning accelerated and intensified dehardening.”
t0“Peach”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon reduced the pruning effect on dehardening.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Treatment
- Ethephone0
- Outcome
- pruning effecte0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ethephon reduced the pruning effect.”
t0“Peach”
Claim · model-written summary
The share of buds supercooling did not change as chilling accumulated.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Treatment
- any ethephon or pruning treatmente0
- Outcome
- percentage of buds supercoolinge0
- Direction
- did not changee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The percentage of buds supercooling from any ethephon or pruning treatment did not change as chilling accumulated.”
t0“Peach”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat reduced supercooling among untreated buds, with a stronger effect of pruning.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Treatment
- pruninge0
- Outcome
- buds supercoolede0
- Direction
- fewere0
- Qualifier
- as heat accumulatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In trees not treated with ethepbon, fewer buds supercooled as heat accumulated, and pruning intensified this effect.”
t0“Peach”
Claim · model-written summary
After heat exposure fewer buds supercooled in pruned ethephon-treated trees.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Treatment
- exposure to heate0
- Outcome
- buds supercoolede0
- Direction
- fewere0
- Qualifier
- pruned, ethephon-treated treese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In pruned, ethephon-treated trees, fewer buds supercooled after exposure to heat.”
t0“Peach”
Claim · model-written summary
Supercooling in nonpruned trees did not change with heat accumulation.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Treatment
- heat accumulatione0
- Outcome
- number of buds supercoolinge0
- Direction
- did not changee0
- Qualifier
- nonpruned treese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The number of buds supercooling in nonpruned trees did not change with heat accumulation.”
t0“Peach”
Claim · model-written summary
After early February dehardening, bud hardiness was the same in pruned and nonpruned trees.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Treatment
- prunede0
- Outcome
- bud hardinesse0
- Direction
- no differencee0
- Comparator
- nonpruned treese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After dehardening in early February, there was no difference in the bud hardiness of pruned or nonpruned trees.”
t0“Peach”
Claim · model-written summary
After early February dehardening, ethephon-treated buds were hardier.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Treatment
- ethepbon-treated treese0
- Outcome
- hardiere0
- Direction
- hardiere0
- Comparator
- nontreated treese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Buds from ethepbon-treated trees were hardier than those from nontreated trees.”
t0“Peach”
Claim · model-written summary
With reacclimation, pruned buds were less hardy.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Treatment
- pruned treese0
- Outcome
- hardye0
- Direction
- not as hardye0
- Comparator
- nonpruned treese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With reacclimation, buds from pruned trees were not as hardy as those from nonpruned trees.”
t0“Peach”
Claim · model-written summary
After late February deacclimation, pruned buds were 2.2C less hardy.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Treatment
- pruned treese0
- Outcome
- hardye0
- Direction
- less hardye0
- Value
- 2.2Ce0
- Comparator
- nonpruned treese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After deacclimation in late February, buds from pruned trees were 2.2C less hardy than those from nonpruned trees.”
t0“Peach”
Claim · model-written summary
After reacclimation, pruned ethephon-treated buds rehardened 2.6C while other treatments did not.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Treatment
- pruned, ethephon-treated treese0
- Outcome
- rehardenede0
- Direction
- rehardenede0
- Value
- 2.6Ce0
- Comparator
- all other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After reacclimation, buds from pruned, ethephon-treated trees rehardened 2.6C while buds from all other treatments remained at deacclimated hardiness levels or continued to deharden.”
t0“Peach”
The same questions in other papers
pruning · tolerance: abiotic · Prunus persica (peach)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- no effect
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.