Abstract
The Bnei-Dror avocado orchard, planted in 1969 on sandy-loam and designed as a factorial experiment, included five stionic combinations and three fertilization treatments. The experiment lasted 10 years, during which seven crops were harvested. Vegetative development data of the trees were obtained by measuring the projection area of the tree canopies by means of aerial photography. The results of the experiment show very clear effect of scion produced about 30% higher crop than the other one, Nabal rootstock induced the grafted trees to produce additional yield of about 56% relative to two Mexican rootstocks. The response to manuring was a 50% yield increase. The combined effect of good rootstock and organic manure was increase production of 135% relative to the alternative factor combinations (two combinations, with a common source of scion). The stionic combination effect was more or less uniform throughout the investigated period, while the manure effect was stronger in poor years. Trees grafted on Nabal rootstock developed faster, while one of the Mexican rootstocks had clear dwarfing effect. These facts did not influence the order of merit of the combinations, based on yield per tree area. The manured trees, although found to be better bearers, were not bigger in size. Organic manure increased the leaf content of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, while Nabal rootstock increased the leaf content of ash, calcium, and magnesium. The populations of the different combinations were found to differ in diversity as well as in the distribution curves. Some excellent trees were chosen for clonal duplication. Some characteristics of Nabal rootstocks are discussed, as well as the effects of manure. The idea that organic manuring is an important treatment for avocado orchards, and is not replaceable by chemical fertilization, is examined in this article. Theoretically, the nutrients contained in organic manure could be replaced by fertilizers, but the advantage of the manure is the gradual decomposition process resulting in a steady, continuous supply. This slow release could eliminate the leaching of the elements to the subsoil, which results in pollution of underground water and a loss of resources. Another advantage of the manure as a supplier of elements is its richness in variable components, some of them of an organic character, which could be essential for the avocado even if the lack of them was not recognized. Organic manure also supports
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
The Fuerte scion produced about 30 % higher crop than the other scion.
- Taxon
- avocado
Persea americanae0 - Treatment
- scione1
- Outcome
- crope1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- about 30%e1
- Comparator
- the other onee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Bnei-Dror avocado orchard”
e1“The results of the experiment show very clear effect of scion produced about 30% higher crop than the other one”
Claim · model-written summary
Nabal rootstock gave about 56 % additional yield relative to two Mexican rootstocks.
- Taxon
- avocadoPersea americanae0
- Treatment
- Nabal rootstocke2
- Outcome
- yielde2
- Direction
- additionale2
- Value
- about 56%e2
- Comparator
- two Mexican rootstockse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Bnei-Dror avocado orchard”
e2“Nabal rootstock induced the grafted trees to produce additional yield of about 56% relative to two Mexican rootstocks”
Claim · model-written summary
Manuring increased yield by 50 %.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Bnei-Dror avocado orchard”
e3“The response to manuring was a 50% yield increase”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined effect of good rootstock and organic manure increased production by 135 % relative to the alternative factor combinations.
- Taxon
- avocadoPersea americanae0
- Treatment
- combined effect of good rootstock and organic manuree4
- Outcome
- productione4
- Direction
- increasee4
- Value
- 135%e4
- Comparator
- alternative factor combinationse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Bnei-Dror avocado orchard”
e4“The combined effect of good rootstock and organic manure was increase production of 135% relative to the alternative factor combinations”
Claim · model-written summary
The stionic combination effect on avocado was more or less uniform throughout the investigated period.
- Taxon
- avocadoPersea americanae0
- Treatment
- stionic combinatione5
- Outcome
- effecte5
- Qualifier
- throughout the investigated periode5
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Bnei-Dror avocado orchard”
e5“The stionic combination effect was more or less uniform throughout the investigated period”
Claim · model-written summary
The manure effect on avocado yield was stronger in poor years.
- Taxon
- avocadoPersea americanae0
- Treatment
- manuree6
- Outcome
- effecte6
- Direction
- strongere6
- Qualifier
- in poor yearse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Bnei-Dror avocado orchard”
e6“while the manure effect was stronger in poor years”
Claim · model-written summary
Avocado trees grafted on Nabal rootstock developed faster.
- Taxon
- avocadoPersea americanae0
- Treatment
- Nabal rootstocke7
- Outcome
- developede7
- Direction
- fastere7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Bnei-Dror avocado orchard”
e7“Trees grafted on Nabal rootstock developed faster, while one of the Mexican rootstocks had clear dwarfing effect”
Claim · model-written summary
One of the Mexican rootstocks had a clear dwarfing effect on avocado trees.
- Taxon
- avocadoPersea americanae0
- Treatment
- one of the Mexican rootstockse7
- Outcome
- dwarfing effecte7
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede7
Not reportedComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Bnei-Dror avocado orchard”
e7“Trees grafted on Nabal rootstock developed faster, while one of the Mexican rootstocks had clear dwarfing effect”
Claim · model-written summary
Manured avocado trees were better bearers.
- Taxon
- avocadoPersea americanae0
- Treatment
- manurede1
- Outcome
- bearerse1
- Direction
- bettere1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Bnei-Dror avocado orchard”
e1“The manured trees, although found to be better bearers, were not bigger in size”
Claim · model-written summary
Manured avocado trees were not bigger in size.
- Taxon
- avocadoPersea americanae0
- Treatment
- manurede1
- Outcome
- sizee1
- Direction
- not biggere1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Bnei-Dror avocado orchard”
e1“The manured trees, although found to be better bearers, were not bigger in size”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic manure increased leaf content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in avocado.
- Taxon
- avocadoPersea americanae0
- Treatment
- Organic manuree1
- Outcome
- leaf content of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassiume1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Bnei-Dror avocado orchard”
e1“Organic manure increased the leaf content of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, while Nabal rootstock increased the leaf content of ash, calcium, and magnesium”
Claim · model-written summary
Nabal rootstock increased leaf content of ash, calcium and magnesium in avocado.
- Taxon
- avocadoPersea americanae0
- Treatment
- Nabal rootstocke1
- Outcome
- leaf content of ash, calcium, and magnesiume1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Bnei-Dror avocado orchard”
e1“Organic manure increased the leaf content of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, while Nabal rootstock increased the leaf content of ash, calcium, and magnesium”
Claim · model-written summary
The populations of the different avocado combinations differed in diversity and distribution curves.
- Taxon
- avocadoPersea americanae0
- Outcome
- diversitye1
- Qualifier
- distribution curvese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Bnei-Dror avocado orchard”
e1“The populations of the different combinations were found to differ in diversity as well as in the distribution curves”
Claim · model-written summary
Growth differences did not change the order of merit of the combinations based on yield per tree area.
- Taxon
- avocadoPersea americanae0
- Outcome
- order of merit of the combinationse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Bnei-Dror avocado orchard”
e1“These facts did not influence the order of merit of the combinations, based on yield per tree area”
The same questions in other papers
grafting · yield · Persea americana (avocado)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
fertilization · growth · Persea americana (avocado)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 9 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
9 papers more in this group
See all 13 papers →fertilization · yield · Persea americana (avocado)Positive and negative results
9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- no effect
10 papers more in this group
See all 14 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.