Abstract
Heat is a major factor limiting growth of C 3 grass species. Elevated CO 2 may mitigate the adverse effects of heat stress or enhance heat tolerance. The objective of this study was to determine metabolic changes associated with improvement of heat tolerance by elevated atmospheric CO 2 concentration in tall fescue ( Festuca arundinacea ). Plants (cv. Rembrandt) were exposed to ambient day/night temperature (25/20 °C) or heat stress (35/30 °C) and ambient CO 2 concentration (400 ± 10 μmol·mol −1 ) or double ambient CO 2 concentration (800 ± 10 μmol·mol −1 ) in growth chambers. Turf quality (TQ), shoot growth rate, and leaf electrolyte leakage results demonstrated that heat stress at ambient CO 2 concentration inhibits turf growth and reduces cell membrane stability, whereas heat-stressed plants under elevated CO 2 concentration exhibit improved TQ, shoot growth rate, and membrane stability. Plants exposed to heat stress under elevated CO 2 exhibited a significantly greater amount of several organic acids (shikimic acid, malonic acid, threonic acid, glyceric acid, galactaric acid, and citric acid), amino acids (serine, valine, and 5-oxoproline), and carbohydrates (sucrose and maltose) compared with heat-stressed plants at ambient CO 2 . The increased production or maintenance of metabolites with important biological functions such as those involved in photosynthesis, respiration, and protein metabolism could play a role in elevated CO 2 mitigation of heat stress damage. Therefore, elevated CO 2 conditions may contribute to improved heat stress tolerance as exhibited by better TQ and shoot growth of heat-stressed plants. Practices to harness the power of CO 2 may be incorporated into turfgrass management for plant adaptation to increasing temperatures, particularly during summer months.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Heat stress at ambient CO2 inhibited turf growth and reduced membrane stability in tall fescue.
- Taxon
- tall fescue
Lolium arundinaceume1 - Treatment
- heat stress at ambient CO 2 concentratione0
- Outcome
- turf growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“heat stress at ambient CO 2 concentration inhibits turf growth and reduces cell membrane stability”
e1“tall fescue ( Festuca arundinacea )”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 improved turf quality, shoot growth rate and membrane stability of heat-stressed tall fescue.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceume1
- Treatment
- elevated CO 2 concentratione0
- Outcome
- TQ, shoot growth rate, and membrane stabilitye0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“heat-stressed plants under elevated CO 2 concentration exhibit improved TQ, shoot growth rate, and membrane stability”
e1“tall fescue ( Festuca arundinacea )”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 significantly increased shikimic, malonic and threonic acids in heat-stressed tall fescue relative to ambient CO2.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceume1
- Treatment
- heat stress under elevated CO 2e0
- Outcome
- shikimic acid, malonic acid, threonic acide0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- heat-stressed plants at ambient CO 2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants exposed to heat stress under elevated CO 2 exhibited a significantly greater amount of several organic acids (shikimic acid, malonic acid, threonic acid, glyceric acid, galactaric acid, and citric acid), amino acids (serine, valine, and 5-oxoproline), and carbohydrates (sucrose and maltose) compared with heat-stressed plants at ambient CO 2 .”
e1“tall fescue ( Festuca arundinacea )”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 significantly increased glyceric, galactaric and citric acids in heat-stressed tall fescue relative to ambient CO2.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceume1
- Treatment
- heat stress under elevated CO 2e0
- Outcome
- glyceric acid, galactaric acid, and citric acide0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- heat-stressed plants at ambient CO 2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants exposed to heat stress under elevated CO 2 exhibited a significantly greater amount of several organic acids (shikimic acid, malonic acid, threonic acid, glyceric acid, galactaric acid, and citric acid), amino acids (serine, valine, and 5-oxoproline), and carbohydrates (sucrose and maltose) compared with heat-stressed plants at ambient CO 2 .”
e1“tall fescue ( Festuca arundinacea )”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 significantly increased serine, valine and 5-oxoproline in heat-stressed tall fescue.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceume1
- Treatment
- heat stress under elevated CO 2e0
- Outcome
- serine, valine, and 5-oxoprolinee0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- heat-stressed plants at ambient CO 2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants exposed to heat stress under elevated CO 2 exhibited a significantly greater amount of several organic acids (shikimic acid, malonic acid, threonic acid, glyceric acid, galactaric acid, and citric acid), amino acids (serine, valine, and 5-oxoproline), and carbohydrates (sucrose and maltose) compared with heat-stressed plants at ambient CO 2 .”
e1“tall fescue ( Festuca arundinacea )”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 significantly increased sucrose and maltose in heat-stressed tall fescue.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceume1
- Treatment
- heat stress under elevated CO 2e0
- Outcome
- sucrose and maltosee0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- heat-stressed plants at ambient CO 2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants exposed to heat stress under elevated CO 2 exhibited a significantly greater amount of several organic acids (shikimic acid, malonic acid, threonic acid, glyceric acid, galactaric acid, and citric acid), amino acids (serine, valine, and 5-oxoproline), and carbohydrates (sucrose and maltose) compared with heat-stressed plants at ambient CO 2 .”
e1“tall fescue ( Festuca arundinacea )”
Claim · model-written summary
Maintaining functional metabolites could contribute to CO2 mitigation of heat damage in tall fescue.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceume1
- Outcome
- mitigation of heat stress damagee0
- Qualifier
- increased production or maintenance of metabolitese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The increased production or maintenance of metabolites with important biological functions such as those involved in photosynthesis, respiration, and protein metabolism could play a role in elevated CO 2 mitigation of heat stress damage.”
e1“tall fescue ( Festuca arundinacea )”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest harnessing CO2 in turfgrass management for adaptation to rising temperatures.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceume1
- Outcome
- harness the power of CO 2e0
- Qualifier
- particularly during summer monthse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Practices to harness the power of CO 2 may be incorporated into turfgrass management for plant adaptation to increasing temperatures, particularly during summer months.”
e1“tall fescue ( Festuca arundinacea )”
The same questions in other papers
co2 · growth · Lolium arundinaceum (tall fescue)Results differ
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →heat · growth · Lolium arundinaceum (tall fescue)Positive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- negative
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.