Abstract
The effects of two cover crops [cereal rye ( Secale cereale L.) and oat ( Avena sativa L.)], four tillage systems [no tillage (NT), strip tillage (ST), conventional tillage with cover crops incorporated (CTC), and conventional tillage without cover crop (CTN)], and three pre-emergence herbicide rates (full rate, half rate, and no herbicide) on pickling cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.) growth and production, weed populations, and the incidence of pythium fruit rot were studied. Weed infestations, cucumber establishment, and cucumber leaf chlorophyll content were similar between the rye and oat treatments. However, the oat treatment had higher cucumber fruit number and weight and a lower percentage of cucumber fruit infected with Pythium spp. compared with the rye treatment. The NT and CTC systems reduced cucumber stand and leaf chlorophyll content, but had equivalent cucumber fruit number and weight compared with CTN. The NT and ST had lower weed biomass and weed density than CTN and CTC. The NT also reduced the percentage of cucumber fruit affected with pythium compared with CTN and CTC. Reducing the pre-emergence herbicide rate by half did not affect weed control or cucumber fruit yield compared with the full rate. However, weeds escaping herbicide application were larger in the half-rate treatment. The experiments indicate that with the integration of cover crops and conservation tillage, it is possible to maintain cucumber yield while reducing both herbicide inputs (by 50%) and the incidence of fruit rot caused by Pythium spp. (by 32% to 60%).
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Rye and oat treatments had similar weed infestation, cucumber establishment and leaf chlorophyll.
- Taxon
- cucumber
Cucumis sativuse0 - Treatment
- ryee0
- Interactor
- Weede0weed
- Outcome
- Weed infestations, cucumber establishment, and cucumber leaf chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- oate0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Weed infestations, cucumber establishment, and cucumber leaf chlorophyll content were similar between the rye and oat treatments”
t0“Pickling Cucumbers”
Claim · model-written summary
Oat cover crop produced more cucumber fruits and greater fruit weight than rye.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- oat treatmente0
- Outcome
- cucumber fruit number and weighte0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- rye treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“oat treatment had higher cucumber fruit number and weight and a lower percentage of cucumber fruit infected with Pythium spp. compared with the rye treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Oat cover crop lowered the percentage of cucumber fruit infected with Pythium compared with rye.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- oat treatmente0
- Outcome
- percentage of cucumber fruit infected with Pythium spp.e0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- rye treatmente0
.jpg?width=60){kind=small}
PythiumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“oat treatment had higher cucumber fruit number and weight and a lower percentage of cucumber fruit infected with Pythium spp. compared with the rye treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
NT and CTC reduced cucumber stand and leaf chlorophyll relative to CTN.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- NT and CTCe0
- Outcome
- cucumber stand and leaf chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- CTNe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NT and CTC systems reduced cucumber stand and leaf chlorophyll content, but had equivalent cucumber fruit number and weight compared with CTN”
e1“no tillage (NT), strip tillage (ST), conventional tillage with cover crops incorporated (CTC), and conventional tillage without cover crop (CTN)”
Claim · model-written summary
NT and CTC maintained equivalent cucumber fruit number and weight versus CTN.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- NT and CTCe0
- Outcome
- cucumber fruit number and weighte0
- Direction
- equivalente0
- Comparator
- CTNe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NT and CTC systems reduced cucumber stand and leaf chlorophyll content, but had equivalent cucumber fruit number and weight compared with CTN”
Claim · model-written summary
NT and ST reduced weed biomass and density relative to CTN and CTC.
- Taxon
- CucumbersCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- NT and STe0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed biomass and weed densitye0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- CTN and CTCe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NT and ST had lower weed biomass and weed density than CTN and CTC”
e1“cucumber leaf chlorophyll content”
t0“Pickling Cucumbers”
Claim · model-written summary
NT reduced pythium affected cucumber fruit relative to CTN and CTC.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- NTe0
- Outcome
- percentage of cucumber fruit affected with pythiume0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- CTN and CTCe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NT also reduced the percentage of cucumber fruit affected with pythium compared with CTN and CTC”
t0“Pickling Cucumbers”
Claim · model-written summary
Half rate herbicide maintained weed control and cucumber yield versus full rate.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- Reducing the pre-emergence herbicide rate by halfe0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed control or cucumber fruit yielde0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
- Comparator
- full ratee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reducing the pre-emergence herbicide rate by half did not affect weed control or cucumber fruit yield compared with the full rate”
Claim · model-written summary
Weeds escaping half rate herbicide were larger.
- Taxon
- CucumbersCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- half-rate treatmente0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- weeds escaping herbicide applicatione0
- Direction
- largere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“weeds escaping herbicide application were larger in the half-rate treatment”
t0“Pickling Cucumbers”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated cover crops and conservation tillage maintained cucumber yield with 50% less herbicide.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Outcome
- maintain cucumber yield while reducing both herbicide inputse0
- Value
- 50%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with the integration of cover crops and conservation tillage, it is possible to maintain cucumber yield while reducing both herbicide inputs (by 50%) and the incidence of fruit rot caused by Pythium spp. (by 32% to 60%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated cover crops and conservation tillage could reduce Pythium fruit rot by 32% to 60%.
- Taxon
- CucumbersCucumis sativust0
- Outcome
- incidence of fruit rot caused by Pythium spp.e0
- Value
- 32% to 60%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with the integration of cover crops and conservation tillage, it is possible to maintain cucumber yield while reducing both herbicide inputs (by 50%) and the incidence of fruit rot caused by Pythium spp. (by 32% to 60%)”
t0“Pickling Cucumbers”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.