Abstract
A three-year (1989-91) field study was conducted to assess the effect of cowpea-melon populations on crop productivity and land equivalent ratios (LERs) in a cassava-maize system in Uyo, south-eastern Nigeria. A split-plot design replicated thrice was used. Cropping systems constituted the main plot and crop populations the sub-plots. Cassava and maize were planted at populations of 10 x 103 plants and 20 x 103 plants ha-1, respectively, cowpea at 20, 33, and 50 x 103 plants ha-1, and melon at 5, 10, and 15 x 103 plants ha-1. A higher number of cassava storage roots per plant and fresh root yield, number of maize grain seed per cob, and grain yield in the intercrop were produced at the low cowpea population (20 x 103 plants ha-1) than at the higher populations. However, cowpea and melon populations showed no significant effect on cassava and maize harvest indices irrespective of the season of planting. Intercropping generally reduced the number of cowpea pods by 35% and also the number of seeds per pod. Melon pod number per plant and seed number per pod were significantly (P < 0.05) affected by intercropping. Cowpea grain and melon seed yields increased with increase in populations. As in cassava and maize, cowpea and melon indices were not affected by cowpea and melon populations. Grain yield and seed yield components of cowpea and melon were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the sole crop due to the absence of competition from companion crops. The cassava + maize + cowpea + melon system resulted in the highest LERs of 2.29, 2.62, and 3.12 in 1989, 1990, and 1991, respectively, due to the low population combination of 20 000 cowpea plants with 5000-10000 melon plants ha-1. The lowest LERs (2.19, 2.12, and 2.31 for the three respective years) were obtained from the highest population combinations of 50 000 cowpea plants and 15 000 melon plants ha-1. This suggested an effectively-balanced competition among the crop species leading to 37-63%, 41-49%, and 26-70% greater LER for 1989, 1990, and 1991, respectively, than if the crops were grown sole. This LER is of utmost significance for the study area where the available arable land is seriously being threatened by rapid urbanization and increased production density.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Cassava storage roots per plant and fresh root yield were higher at the low cowpea population than at the higher populations
- Taxon
- cassava
Manihot esculentae1 - Treatment
- low cowpea population (20 x 103 plants ha-1)e1
- Outcome
- storage roots per plant and fresh root yielde1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- higher populationse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“A higher number of cassava storage roots per plant and fresh root yield, number of maize grain seed per cob, and grain yield in the intercrop were produced at the low cowpea population (20 x 103 plants ha-1) than at the higher populations”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize grain seed number per cob and grain yield were higher in the intercrop at the low cowpea population than at the higher populations
- Treatment
- low cowpea population (20 x 103 plants ha-1)e1
- Outcome
- number of maize grain seed per cob, and grain yielde1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- higher populationse1
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“A higher number of cassava storage roots per plant and fresh root yield, number of maize grain seed per cob, and grain yield in the intercrop were produced at the low cowpea population (20 x 103 plants ha-1) than at the higher populations”
Claim · model-written summary
Cowpea and melon populations had no significant effect on the cassava harvest index
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentae2
- Treatment
- cowpea and melon populationse2
- Outcome
- harvest indicese2
- Direction
- no significant effecte2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“cowpea and melon populations showed no significant effect on cassava and maize harvest indices irrespective of the season of planting”
Claim · model-written summary
Cowpea and melon populations had no significant effect on the maize harvest index
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“cowpea and melon populations showed no significant effect on cassava and maize harvest indices irrespective of the season of planting”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping reduced the number of cowpea pods by 35%
- Taxon
- cowpea
Vigna unguiculatae3 - Treatment
- Intercroppinge3
- Outcome
- number of cowpea podse3
- Direction
- reducede3
- Value
- 35%e3
- Qualifier
- generallye3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Intercropping generally reduced the number of cowpea pods by 35% and also the number of seeds per pod”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping reduced the number of seeds per cowpea pod
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae3
- Treatment
- Intercroppinge3
- Outcome
- number of seeds per pode3
- Direction
- reducede3
- Qualifier
- generallye3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Intercropping generally reduced the number of cowpea pods by 35% and also the number of seeds per pod”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping significantly affected melon pod number per plant and seed number per pod (direction not stated)
- Taxon
- Melon
.jpg?width=60)
Cucumis meloe4 - Treatment
- intercroppinge4
- Outcome
- pod number per plant and seed number per pode4
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e4“Melon pod number per plant and seed number per pod were significantly (P < 0.05) affected by intercropping”
Claim · model-written summary
Cowpea grain yield increased with increasing cowpea and melon populations
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatae5
- Treatment
- increase in populationse5
- Outcome
- graine5
- Direction
- increasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Cowpea grain and melon seed yields increased with increase in populations”
Claim · model-written summary
Melon seed yield increased with increasing cowpea and melon populations
- Taxon
- melonCucumis meloe5
- Treatment
- increase in populationse5
- Outcome
- seed yieldse5
- Direction
- increasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Cowpea grain and melon seed yields increased with increase in populations”
Claim · model-written summary
Cowpea harvest index was not affected by cowpea and melon populations
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae6
- Treatment
- cowpea and melon populationse6
- Outcome
- indicese6
- Direction
- not affectede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“As in cassava and maize, cowpea and melon indices were not affected by cowpea and melon populations”
Claim · model-written summary
Melon harvest index was not affected by cowpea and melon populations
- Taxon
- melonCucumis meloe6
- Treatment
- cowpea and melon populationse6
- Outcome
- indicese6
- Direction
- not affectede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“As in cassava and maize, cowpea and melon indices were not affected by cowpea and melon populations”
Claim · model-written summary
Cowpea grain yield and seed yield components were significantly higher in the sole crop than in intercropping
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae7
- Outcome
- Grain yield and seed yield componentse7
- Direction
- highere7
- Qualifier
- due to the absence of competition from companion cropse7
- Comparator
- sole crope7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Grain yield and seed yield components of cowpea and melon were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the sole crop due to the absence of competition from companion crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Melon grain yield and seed yield components were significantly higher in the sole crop than in intercropping
- Taxon
- melonCucumis meloe7
- Outcome
- Grain yield and seed yield componentse7
- Direction
- highere7
- Qualifier
- due to the absence of competition from companion cropse7
- Comparator
- sole crope7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Grain yield and seed yield components of cowpea and melon were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the sole crop due to the absence of competition from companion crops”
Claim · model-written summary
The cassava + maize + cowpea + melon system gave the highest LERs (2.29, 2.62 and 3.12) in 1989, 1990 and 1991
Verbatim
e5“The cassava + maize + cowpea + melon system resulted in the highest LERs of 2.29, 2.62, and 3.12 in 1989, 1990, and 1991, respectively, due to the low population combination of 20 000 cowpea plants with 5000-10000 melon plants ha-1”
Claim · model-written summary
The lowest LERs (2.19, 2.12 and 2.31) were obtained from the highest cowpea and melon population combinations
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae6
- Treatment
- highest population combinations of 50 000 cowpea plants and 15 000 melon plants ha-1e6
- Outcome
- LERse6
- Direction
- loweste6
- Value
- 2.19, 2.12, and 2.31e6
- Qualifier
- for the three respective yearse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“The lowest LERs (2.19, 2.12, and 2.31 for the three respective years) were obtained from the highest population combinations of 50 000 cowpea plants and 15 000 melon plants ha-1”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping gave 37-63%, 41-49% and 26-70% greater LER in 1989, 1990 and 1991 than sole cropping
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentae0
- Outcome
- LERe7
- Direction
- greatere7
- Value
- 37-63%, 41-49%, and 26-70%e7
- Qualifier
- effectively-balanced competition among the crop speciese7
- Comparator
- grown solee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cassava-maize system”
e7“This suggested an effectively-balanced competition among the crop species leading to 37-63%, 41-49%, and 26-70% greater LER for 1989, 1990, and 1991, respectively, than if the crops were grown sole”
The same questions in other papers
Vigna unguiculata · yield · Manihot esculenta (cassava)Positive and negative results
12 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- no effect
16 papers more in this group
See all 20 papers →Vigna unguiculata · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
106 papers in the same direction as this paper · 16 in the opposite direction · 4 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- negative
123 papers more in this group
See all 127 papers →intercropping · yield · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Results differ
39 papers in the same direction as this paper · 63 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
99 papers more in this group
See all 103 papers →intercropping · organism · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- negative
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.