Abstract
Alternative copper (Cu) sources could be used in fertilizer production, although the bioavailability of copper in these materials is unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate the extractants neutral ammonium citrate (NAC), 2 % citric acid, 1 % acetic acid, 10 % HCl, 10 % H2SO4, buffer solution pH 6.0, DTPA, EDTA, water, and hot water in the quantification of available Cu content in several sources, relating them to the relative agronomic efficiency (RAE) of wheat grown in a clayey Latossolo Vermelho eutrófico (Oxisol) and Neossolo Quartzarênico (Typic Quartzipsamment). Copper was applied at the rate of 1.5 mg kg-1 as scrap slag, brass slag, Cu ore, granulated copper, and copper sulfate. The extractants 10 % HCl, 10 % H2SO4, and NAC extracted higher Cu concentrations. The RAE values of brass slag and Cu ore were similar to or higher than those of Cu sulfate and granulated Cu. Solubility in the 2nd NAC extractant, officially required for mineral fertilizers with Cu, was lower than 60 % for the scrap slag, Cu ore, and granulated copper sources. This fact indicates that adoption of the NAC extractant may be ineffective for industrial by-products, although no extractant was more efficient in predicting Cu availability for wheat fertilized with the Cu sources tested.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
The extractants 10% HCl, 10% H2SO4 and NAC extracted higher Cu concentrations.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The extractants 10 % HCl, 10 % H2SO4, and NAC extracted higher Cu concentrations”
Claim · model-written summary
The RAE of brass slag and Cu ore was similar to or higher than that of Cu sulfate and granulated Cu.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume5 - Treatment
- brass slag and Cu oree1
- Outcome
- RAE valuese1
- Direction
- similar to or highere1
- Comparator
- Cu sulfate and granulated Cue1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The RAE values of brass slag and Cu ore were similar to or higher than those of Cu sulfate and granulated Cu”
e5“relating them to the relative agronomic efficiency (RAE) of wheat grown in a clayey Latossolo Vermelho eutrófico (Oxisol)”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper solubility in the second NAC extractant was lower than 60% for scrap slag, Cu ore and granulated copper.
- Outcome
- Solubility in the 2nd NAC extractante2
- Direction
- lower thane2
- Value
- 60 %e2
- Qualifier
- scrap slag, Cu ore, and granulated copper sourcese2
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e2“Solubility in the 2nd NAC extractant, officially required for mineral fertilizers with Cu, was lower than 60 % for the scrap slag, Cu ore, and granulated copper sources”
Claim · model-written summary
Adoption of the NAC extractant may be ineffective for industrial by-products.
- Outcome
- adoption of the NAC extractante3
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e3“This fact indicates that adoption of the NAC extractant may be ineffective for industrial by-products”
Claim · model-written summary
No extractant was more efficient than the others in predicting Cu availability for wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume4
- Outcome
- predicting Cu availabilitye4
- Qualifier
- no extractant was more efficiente4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“although no extractant was more efficient in predicting Cu availability for wheat fertilized with the Cu sources tested”