Abstract
Lead (Pb) is an important environmental pollutant extremely toxic to plants and other living organisms including humans. To assess Pb phytotoxicity, a pot culture experiment was carried out using two groundnut cultivars (Arachis hypogaea L. cultivar K6 and cultivar K9) on plant growth, ROS levels, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant metabolism using biochemical, histochemical methods. Plants were grown in pots for 14 days, in the botanic garden, and subjected to Pb-stress (0, 100, 200, 400 and 800 ppm) by adding Pb (NO3)2 solution and further allowed to grow for 10 days. The results showed that cultivar K6 registered lower Pb accumulation than cultivar K9, however, localization of Pb was greater in roots than leaves in both groundnut cultivars. The Pb-stress results in an increase in free radicals (O2•- and H2O2) generation in both groundnut cultivars, but more significantly in cultivar K9 than K6. Pb-stress also caused significant changes in the rate of peroxidation as shown in the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) content in roots and leaves of both groundnut cultivars. Free proline, ascorbic acid (AsA) and non-protein thiol (NP-SH) contents were increased in cultivar K6 due to Pb-stress, but less in cultivar K9. Pb treated plants showed increased levels of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione S-transferase (GST). Isozyme band intensities of SOD, GPX and APX were more consistent with the respective changes in antioxidative enzyme activities. These results indicate that cultivar K6 possesses greater tolerance potential for Pb toxicity than cultivar K9.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
K6 accumulated less lead than K9.
Verbatim
e0“cultivar K6 registered lower Pb accumulation than cultivar K9”
Claim · model-written summary
Lead localization was greater in roots than leaves in both cultivars.
- Taxon
- groundnut cultivars
Arachis hypogaeae0 - Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Outcome
- localization of Pbe0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- leavese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“localization of Pb was greater in roots than leaves in both groundnut cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Lead stress increased free radical generation in both cultivars, more markedly in K9 than K6.
- Taxon
- groundnut cultivarsArachis hypogaeae0
- Treatment
- Pb-stresse0
- Outcome
- free radicals (O2•- and H2O2) generatione0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- more significantly in cultivar K9 than K6e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Pb-stress results in an increase in free radicals (O2•- and H2O2) generation in both groundnut cultivars, but more significantly in cultivar K9 than K6.”
Claim · model-written summary
Lead stress significantly changed malondialdehyde content in roots and leaves of both cultivars.
- Taxon
- groundnut cultivarsArachis hypogaeae0
- Organ / stage
- roots and leavese0
- Treatment
- Pb-stresse0
- Outcome
- malondialdehyde (MDA) contente0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pb-stress also caused significant changes in the rate of peroxidation as shown in the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) content in roots and leaves of both groundnut cultivars.”
Claim · model-written summary
Lead stress increased free proline, ascorbic acid and non-protein thiol contents in K6, less so in K9.
- Material
- cultivar K6e0
- Treatment
- Pb-stresse0
- Outcome
- Free proline, ascorbic acid (AsA) and non-protein thiol (NP-SH) contentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- cultivar K9e0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Free proline, ascorbic acid (AsA) and non-protein thiol (NP-SH) contents were increased in cultivar K6 due to Pb-stress, but less in cultivar K9.”
Claim · model-written summary
Lead treatment increased SOD, GPX and APX enzyme levels.
- Taxon
- Arachis hypogaeaArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- Pbe0
- Outcome
- superoxide dismutase (SOD), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pb treated plants showed increased levels of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione S-transferase (GST).”
t0“Arachis hypogaea”
Claim · model-written summary
Lead treatment increased GR and GST enzyme levels.
- Taxon
- Arachis hypogaeaArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- Pbe0
- Outcome
- glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione S-transferase (GST)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pb treated plants showed increased levels of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione S-transferase (GST).”
t0“Arachis hypogaea”
Claim · model-written summary
SOD, GPX and APX isozyme band intensities tracked corresponding antioxidant activities.
- Taxon
- Arachis hypogaeaArachis hypogaeat0
- Gene
- SOD, GPX and APXe0
- Outcome
- Isozyme band intensities of SOD, GPX and APXe0
- Qualifier
- more consistent with the respective changes in antioxidative enzyme activitiese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Isozyme band intensities of SOD, GPX and APX were more consistent with the respective changes in antioxidative enzyme activities.”
t0“Arachis hypogaea”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer greater lead tolerance potential in K6 than K9.
- Taxon
- Arachis hypogaeaArachis hypogaeat0
- Material
- cultivar K6e0
- Outcome
- tolerance potential for Pb toxicitye0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- cultivar K9e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cultivar K6 possesses greater tolerance potential for Pb toxicity than cultivar K9”
t0“Arachis hypogaea”
The same questions in other papers
heavy metal · physiology: oxidative · Arachis hypogaea (peanut)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.