Abstract
Abstract S alvia spinosa L . and S alvia syriaca L . are perennial medicinal herbs that occur in the M editerranean, I rano‐ T uranian and S aharo‐ A rabian phytogeographic regions of J ordan. With respect to the seed germination requirements, prevailing environmental conditions in each phytogeographic region may promote local adaptation and consequently affect the distribution range of the species. Using seeds of both species collected from populations across the three regions, we tested responses to variations in temperature and salinity under laboratory conditions. Both species showed significant differences in cumulative germination percentages and germination rates (modified T imson Index) with temperature, while origin only significantly affected S . spinosa seeds. Both species germinated best under the highest temperature regime (32/20° C ). The low temperature regime (8/4° C ) completely inhibited germination in S . syriaca , wheras it led to 80% to 95% germination in S . spinosa , with significant variation being recorded between the phytogeographic regions. For both species, salt solutions of 0, 25 and 50 mM NaC l yielded the highest germination percentages and rates, which sharply and significantly declined at higher concentrations (100 and 200 mM NaC l). Our results provide evidence of local adaptation of the study species to salinity and temperature in the respective maternal environments, particularly in the I rano‐ T uranian and S aharo‐ A rabian regions. Such differentiation should be accounted for in future conservation planning.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Both species differed significantly in cumulative germination with temperature.
- Taxon
- S alvia spinosa L . and S alvia syriaca L .e0
- Treatment
- temperaturee1
- Outcome
- cumulative germination percentagese1
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“S alvia spinosa L . and S alvia syriaca L .”
e1“Both species showed significant differences in cumulative germination percentages and germination rates (modified T imson Index) with temperature”
Claim · model-written summary
Both species differed significantly in germination rate with temperature.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“S alvia spinosa L . and S alvia syriaca L .”
e1“Both species showed significant differences in cumulative germination percentages and germination rates (modified T imson Index) with temperature”
Claim · model-written summary
Origin significantly affected spinosa seed germination.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“origin only significantly affected S . spinosa seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Both species germinated best at 32/20° C.
- Taxon
- S alvia spinosa L . and S alvia syriaca L .e1
- Treatment
- highest temperature regime (32/20° C )e0
- Outcome
- germinatede0
- Direction
- beste0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Both species germinated best under the highest temperature regime (32/20° C )”
e1“S alvia spinosa L . and S alvia syriaca L .”
Claim · model-written summary
At 8/4° C, syriaca germination was fully inhibited.
- Taxon
- S . syriacae0
- Treatment
- low temperature regime (8/4° C )e0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- completely inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The low temperature regime (8/4° C ) completely inhibited germination in S . syriaca”
Claim · model-written summary
At 8/4° C, spinosa germination was 80% to 95% with regional variation.
- Taxon
- S . spinosae0
- Treatment
- low temperature regime (8/4° C )e0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- led toe0
- Value
- 80% to 95%e0
- Setting
- phytogeographic regionse0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The low temperature regime (8/4° C ) completely inhibited germination in S . syriaca , wheras it led to 80% to 95% germination in S . spinosa , with significant variation being recorded between the phytogeographic regions”
Claim · model-written summary
Both species had their highest germination percentages at 0, 25 and 50 mM NaCl.
- Taxon
- S alvia spinosa L . and S alvia syriaca L .e1
- Treatment
- salt solutions of 0, 25 and 50 mM NaC le0
- Outcome
- germination percentages and ratese0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“For both species, salt solutions of 0, 25 and 50 mM NaC l yielded the highest germination percentages and rates”
e1“S alvia spinosa L . and S alvia syriaca L .”
Claim · model-written summary
Germination percentages and rates fell significantly at 100 and 200 mM NaCl.
- Taxon
- S alvia spinosa L . and S alvia syriaca L .e1
- Treatment
- higher concentrations (100 and 200 mM NaC l)e0
- Outcome
- germination percentages and ratese0
- Direction
- declinede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“germination percentages and rates, which sharply and significantly declined at higher concentrations (100 and 200 mM NaC l)”
e1“S alvia spinosa L . and S alvia syriaca L .”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors interpret the responses as local adaptation to temperature and salinity.
Verbatim
e0“Our results provide evidence of local adaptation of the study species to salinity and temperature in the respective maternal environments, particularly in the I rano‐ T uranian and S aharo‐ A rabian regions”
e1“S alvia spinosa L . and S alvia syriaca L .”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend considering differentiation in conservation planning.
Verbatim
e0“Such differentiation should be accounted for in future conservation planning”
e1“S alvia spinosa L . and S alvia syriaca L .”