Abstract
In most wheat growing moderate regions and especially in the north of Iran climate, is affected grain filling by several physical and abiotic stresses. In this region, grain filling often occurs when temperatures are increasing and moisture supply is decreasing. The experiment was designed in RCBD with split plot arrangements with four replications. Four irrigation treatments included (I0) no irrigation (check); (I1) one irrigation (50 mm) at heading stage; (I2) two irrigation (100 mm) at heading and anthesis stage; and (I3) three irrigation (150 mm) at heading, anthesis and early grain filling growth stage, two wheat cultivars (Milan and Shanghai) were cultured in the experiment. Totally raining was 453 mm during the growth season. The result indicated that biological yield, grain yield and harvest index were significantly affected by irrigation levels. I3 treatment produced more tillers number in m2, fertile tillers number in m2, harvest index and biological yield. Milan produced more tillers number in m2, fertile tillers in m2, while Shanghai produced heavier tillers and grain 1000 weight. Plant height was significant in wheat varieties while were not statistically significant in irrigation levels. Milan produced more grain yield, harvest index and biological yield. Grain yield shown that I1, I2, and I3 produced increasing of 5228 (21%), 5460 (27%) and 5670 (29%) kg ha-1, respectively. There was an interaction of irrigation and cultivar on grain yields. In the absence of the irrigation reduced grain 1000 weight from 45 to 40 g. No irrigation reduced soil moisture extraction during the grain filling stage. Current assimilation as a source of carbon for grain filling depends on the light intercepting viable green surfaces of the plant after anthesis that due to natural senescence and the effect of various stresses. At the same time the demand by the growing grain is increasing. It is concluded from research work that wheat crop irrigated Milan cultivar could increase the grain yield in comparison with Shanghai cultivar. Although, the grain yield of Shanghai under irrigation was slightly lower than Milan. This grain yield also was related to weather condition, sowing date, plant density and location conditions and management of fertilizers, because there was not significant difference in biological and straw yield. The best result was produced by I1 treatment. I2 and I3 treatments were not significantly difference with I1 treatment. Grain yield of I1 indicated that wheat is under soil moisture deficiency. Therefore, I1 irrigation was better than I0.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation levels significantly affected wheat biological yield, grain yield and harvest index.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- irrigation levelse0
- Outcome
- biological yield, grain yield and harvest indexe0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“biological yield, grain yield and harvest index were significantly affected by irrigation levels”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
I3 produced more tillers, fertile tillers and higher harvest index.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- I3 treatmente0
- Outcome
- tillers number in m2, fertile tillers number in m2, harvest indexe0
- Direction
- moree0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“I3 treatment produced more tillers number in m2, fertile tillers number in m2, harvest index and biological yield”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
I3 produced more biological yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- I3 treatmente0
- Outcome
- biological yielde0
- Direction
- moree0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“I3 treatment produced more tillers number in m2, fertile tillers number in m2, harvest index and biological yield”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Milan produced more tillers and fertile tillers.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Milane0
- Outcome
- tillers number in m2, fertile tillers in m2e0
- Direction
- moree0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Milan produced more tillers number in m2, fertile tillers in m2”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Shanghai produced heavier tillers and higher thousand-grain weight.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Shanghaie0
- Outcome
- tillers and grain 1000 weighte0
- Direction
- heaviere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Shanghai produced heavier tillers and grain 1000 weight”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat varieties differed significantly in plant height.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- wheat varietiese0
- Outcome
- Plant heighte0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant height was significant in wheat varieties while were not statistically significant in irrigation levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation levels did not significantly affect plant height.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- irrigation levelse0
- Outcome
- Plant heighte0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant height was significant in wheat varieties while were not statistically significant in irrigation levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Milan produced more grain yield, harvest index and biological yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Milane0
- Outcome
- grain yield, harvest index and biological yielde0
- Direction
- moree0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Milan produced more grain yield, harvest index and biological yield”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
I1 increased grain yield by 21% to 5228 kg ha-1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- I1e0
- Outcome
- Grain yielde1
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 5228 (21%)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“I1, I2, and I3 produced increasing of 5228 (21%), 5460 (27%) and 5670 (29%) kg ha-1”
e1“Grain yield shown that I1”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
I2 increased grain yield by 27% to 5460 kg ha-1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- I2e0
- Outcome
- Grain yielde1
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 5460 (27%)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“I1, I2, and I3 produced increasing of 5228 (21%), 5460 (27%) and 5670 (29%) kg ha-1”
e1“Grain yield shown that I1”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
I3 increased grain yield by 29% to 5670 kg ha-1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- I3e0
- Outcome
- Grain yielde1
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 5670 (29%)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“I1, I2, and I3 produced increasing of 5228 (21%), 5460 (27%) and 5670 (29%) kg ha-1”
e1“Grain yield shown that I1”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation and cultivar interacted in their effects on grain yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- cultivare0
- Treatment
- irrigatione0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was an interaction of irrigation and cultivar on grain yields”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Without irrigation, thousand-grain weight fell from 45 to 40 g.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- absence of the irrigatione0
- Outcome
- grain 1000 weighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 40 ge0
- Qualifier
- 45e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the absence of the irrigation reduced grain 1000 weight from 45 to 40 g”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
No irrigation reduced soil moisture extraction during grain filling.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- grain filling stagee0
- Treatment
- No irrigatione0
- Outcome
- soil moisture extractione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No irrigation reduced soil moisture extraction during the grain filling stage”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
I1 gave the best result, and I2 and I3 did not differ significantly from it.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- I1 treatmente0
- Outcome
- best resulte0
- Direction
- beste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The best result was produced by I1 treatment. I2 and I3 treatments were not significantly difference with I1 treatment”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that one irrigation is better than none for wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- I1 irrigatione0
- Outcome
- I1 irrigation was better than I0e0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- I0e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Therefore, I1 irrigation was better than I0”
t0“wheat”
The same questions in other papers
irrigation · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
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